{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2017940910","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2001.10757527","title":"The Directional Analysis of Bloodstain Patterns Theory and Experimental Validation","display_name":"The Directional Analysis of Bloodstain Patterns Theory and Experimental Validation","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2017940910","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2001.10757527","mag":"2017940910"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/00085030.2001.10757527","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2001.10757527","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2001.10757527","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148153597","display_name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","issn_l":"0008-5030","issn":["0008-5030","2332-1660"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035856129","display_name":"A.L. Carter","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A.L. Carter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Adjunct Professor of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Adjunct Professor of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035856129"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":71,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.39509374,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"4","first_page":"173","last_page":"189"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13192","display_name":"Forensic Fingerprint Detection Methods","score":0.2395000010728836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13192","display_name":"Forensic Fingerprint Detection Methods","score":0.2395000010728836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11382","display_name":"Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer","score":0.1005999967455864,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14257","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods","score":0.07100000232458115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bloodstain-pattern-analysis","display_name":"bloodstain pattern analysis","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directional-analysis","display_name":"directional analysis","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/string-method","display_name":"string method","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bloodstain-evidence","display_name":"bloodstain evidence","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forensic-ballistics","display_name":"forensic ballistics","score":0.3779999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/experimental-validation","display_name":"experimental validation","score":0.47600001096725464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.5686473846435547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5543312430381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5495249629020691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12426560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189569","display_name":"Basis (linear algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5495237708091736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151201525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177239","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5399259924888611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157486923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376436","display_name":"String (physics)","level":2,"score":0.49840855598449707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.49717095494270325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29001434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8084","display_name":"Trigonometry","level":2,"score":0.4750761389732361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4643934369087219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.44700175523757935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777686260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q144037","display_name":"Calculus (dental)","level":2,"score":0.43600940704345703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.4271971881389618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194583477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408891","display_name":"Physical law","level":2,"score":0.4243432879447937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3665738105773926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362","display_name":"Theoretical physics","level":1,"score":0.34386786818504333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3265232443809509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2876613140106201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.2599560618400574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.24339419603347778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2187780737876892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/00085030.2001.10757527","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2001.10757527","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2001.10757527","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148153597","display_name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","issn_l":"0008-5030","issn":["0008-5030","2332-1660"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.5699999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2019154958"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2922091746","https://openalex.org/W2495432051","https://openalex.org/W2955503657","https://openalex.org/W1515659727","https://openalex.org/W2905109902","https://openalex.org/W7052853814","https://openalex.org/W2019154958","https://openalex.org/W2257225830","https://openalex.org/W1485326478","https://openalex.org/W582037418"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Directional":[0],"Analysis":[1],"of":[2,40,75,87,91,129,159],"bloodstain":[3,134],"patterns":[4],"is":[5,14,151],"a":[6,34,92,118,155,164],"mathematical":[7],"procedure":[8,116],"developed":[9],"by":[10,137],"the":[11,17,22,31,38,41,48,56,62,64,72,76,83,89,127,138,146,149],"author":[12],"that":[13,28,167],"based":[15],"on":[16,82,105],"string":[18],"method.":[19],"It":[20],"finds":[21],"directions":[23],"in":[24,121,172,175],"space":[25],"(virtual":[26],"strings)":[27],"point":[29],"from":[30,46,61],"bloodstains":[32],"to":[33,53],"spot":[35],"directly":[36],"above":[37],"location":[39],"blood":[42,77],"source.":[43],"When":[44,59],"viewed":[45,60],"above,":[47],"virtual":[49,65],"strings":[50,66],"are":[51,142],"seen":[52],"converge":[54],"onto":[55],"source":[57],"position.":[58],"side,":[63],"provide":[67],"an":[68],"upper":[69],"limit":[70],"for":[71,133,144],"probable":[73],"height":[74],"source.The":[78],"theory":[79,173],"relies":[80],"only":[81],"well-known":[84],"physical":[85],"laws":[86],"motion,":[88],"resolution":[90],"velocity":[93],"into":[94],"its":[95],"three":[96],"components":[97],"and":[98,101,112,123,125,148,174],"simple":[99],"trigonometry,":[100],"does":[102],"not":[103],"depend":[104],"unknown":[106],"quantities":[107],"such":[108],"as":[109],"droplet":[110,113],"sizes":[111],"speeds.":[114],"This":[115],"has":[117],"solid":[119],"basis":[120],"physics":[122],"mathematics,":[124],"satisfies":[126],"criterion":[128],"sound":[130],"scientific":[131],"methodology":[132],"evidence":[135,147],"specified":[136],"courts.":[139],"Digital":[140],"cameras":[141],"used":[143],"gathering":[145],"analysis":[150],"carried":[152],"out":[153],"with":[154],"computer.The":[156],"second":[157],"part":[158],"this":[160],"paper":[161],"will":[162],"describe":[163],"laboratory":[165],"experiment":[166],"validates":[168],"\u201cDirectional":[169],"Analysis\u201d":[170],"both":[171],"practice.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-15T07:11:24.734988","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
