{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2017940878","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/41171(401)73","title":"Seismic Analysis and Rehabilitation of a 15 Story Pre-Northridge Steel Moment Resisting Frame Building","display_name":"Seismic Analysis and Rehabilitation of a 15 Story Pre-Northridge Steel Moment Resisting Frame Building","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-04-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2017940878","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/41171(401)73","mag":"2017940878"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1061/41171(401)73","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/41171(401)73","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/41171(401)73","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306530981","display_name":"ASCE Structures Congress","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Structures Congress 2011","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046938341","display_name":"Timothy Graf","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118164","display_name":"Degenkolb (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02fdhvf98","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118164"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4389425283","display_name":"State of California","ror":"https://ror.org/030sa3819","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4389425283"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258437","display_name":"California Department of General Services","ror":"https://ror.org/00ndxem43","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4389425283","https://openalex.org/I4405258437"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timothy Graf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Crosby Group, 2200 Bridge Parkway, Suite 104, Redwood City, CA 94065.E-mail:","Degenkolb Engineers, 235 Montgomery St, Suite 500, San Francisco, CA 94104.E-mail:","Degenkolb Engineers, 707 SW Washington St, Suite 600, Portland, OR 97205.E-mail:","Fluor Enterprises, 4140 Dublin Boulevard, Suite 300, Dublin, CA 94568","Presenter, Degenkolb Engineers, 707 SW Washington St, Suite 600, Portland, OR 97205.E-mail:","State of California, Department of General Services, 707 3rd St, Suite 3-305, MS #502, West Sacramento, CA 95605.E-mail:","University of California, San Diego, Dept. of Structural Engineering, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0085, La Jolla, CA 92093-0085.E-mail:"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Crosby Group, 2200 Bridge Parkway, Suite 104, Redwood City, CA 94065.E-mail:","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Degenkolb Engineers, 235 Montgomery St, Suite 500, San Francisco, CA 94104.E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118164"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Degenkolb Engineers, 707 SW Washington St, Suite 600, Portland, OR 97205.E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118164"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fluor Enterprises, 4140 Dublin Boulevard, Suite 300, Dublin, CA 94568","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Presenter, Degenkolb Engineers, 707 SW Washington St, Suite 600, Portland, OR 97205.E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118164"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State of California, Department of General Services, 707 3rd St, Suite 3-305, MS #502, West Sacramento, CA 95605.E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4389425283","https://openalex.org/I4405258437"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, San Diego, Dept. of Structural Engineering, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0085, La Jolla, CA 92093-0085.E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020168075","display_name":"James O. Malley","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118164","display_name":"Degenkolb (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02fdhvf98","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118164"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4389425283","display_name":"State of California","ror":"https://ror.org/030sa3819","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4389425283"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258437","display_name":"California Department of General Services","ror":"https://ror.org/00ndxem43","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4389425283","https://openalex.org/I4405258437"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James O. Malley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Crosby Group, 2200 Bridge Parkway, Suite 104, Redwood City, CA 94065.E-mail:","Degenkolb Engineers, 235 Montgomery St, Suite 500, San Francisco, CA 94104.E-mail:","Degenkolb Engineers, 707 SW Washington St, Suite 600, Portland, OR 97205.E-mail:","Fluor Enterprises, 4140 Dublin Boulevard, Suite 300, Dublin, CA 94568","Presenter, Degenkolb Engineers, 707 SW Washington St, Suite 600, Portland, OR 97205.E-mail:","State of California, Department of General Services, 707 3rd St, Suite 3-305, MS #502, West Sacramento, CA 95605.E-mail:","University of California, San Diego, Dept. of Structural Engineering, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0085, La Jolla, CA 92093-0085.E-mail:"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Crosby Group, 2200 Bridge Parkway, Suite 104, Redwood City, CA 94065.E-mail:","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Degenkolb Engineers, 235 Montgomery St, Suite 500, San Francisco, CA 94104.E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118164"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Degenkolb Engineers, 707 SW Washington St, Suite 600, Portland, OR 97205.E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118164"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fluor Enterprises, 4140 Dublin Boulevard, Suite 300, Dublin, CA 94568","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Presenter, Degenkolb Engineers, 707 SW Washington St, Suite 600, Portland, OR 97205.E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118164"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State of California, Department of General Services, 707 3rd St, Suite 3-305, MS #502, West Sacramento, CA 95605.E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4389425283","https://openalex.org/I4405258437"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, San Diego, Dept. of Structural Engineering, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0085, La Jolla, CA 92093-0085.E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mark Sinclair","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118164","display_name":"Degenkolb (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02fdhvf98","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118164"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4389425283","display_name":"State of California","ror":"https://ror.org/030sa3819","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4389425283"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258437","display_name":"California Department of General Services","ror":"https://ror.org/00ndxem43","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4389425283","https://openalex.org/I4405258437"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Sinclair","raw_affiliation_strings":["Crosby Group, 2200 Bridge Parkway, Suite 104, Redwood City, CA 94065.E-mail:","Degenkolb Engineers, 235 Montgomery St, Suite 500, San Francisco, CA 94104.E-mail:","Degenkolb Engineers, 707 SW Washington St, Suite 600, Portland, OR 97205.E-mail:","Fluor Enterprises, 4140 Dublin Boulevard, Suite 300, Dublin, CA 94568","Presenter, Degenkolb Engineers, 707 SW Washington St, Suite 600, Portland, OR 97205.E-mail:","State of California, Department of General Services, 707 3rd St, Suite 3-305, MS #502, West Sacramento, CA 95605.E-mail:","University of California, San Diego, Dept. of Structural Engineering, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0085, La Jolla, CA 92093-0085.E-mail:"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Crosby Group, 2200 Bridge Parkway, Suite 104, Redwood City, CA 94065.E-mail:","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Degenkolb Engineers, 235 Montgomery St, Suite 500, San Francisco, CA 94104.E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118164"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Degenkolb Engineers, 707 SW Washington St, Suite 600, Portland, OR 97205.E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118164"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fluor Enterprises, 4140 Dublin Boulevard, Suite 300, Dublin, CA 94568","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Presenter, Degenkolb Engineers, 707 SW Washington St, Suite 600, Portland, OR 97205.E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118164"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State of California, Department of General Services, 707 3rd St, Suite 3-305, MS #502, West Sacramento, CA 95605.E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4389425283","https://openalex.org/I4405258437"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, San Diego, Dept. of Structural Engineering, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0085, La Jolla, CA 92093-0085.E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005230929","display_name":"James D. Newell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118164","display_name":"Degenkolb (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02fdhvf98","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118164"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4389425283","display_name":"State of California","ror":"https://ror.org/030sa3819","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4389425283"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258437","display_name":"California Department of General Services","ror":"https://ror.org/00ndxem43","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4389425283","https://openalex.org/I4405258437"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Newell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Crosby Group, 2200 Bridge Parkway, Suite 104, Redwood City, CA 94065.E-mail:","Degenkolb Engineers, 235 Montgomery St, Suite 500, San Francisco, CA 94104.E-mail:","Degenkolb Engineers, 707 SW Washington St, Suite 600, Portland, OR 97205.E-mail:","Fluor Enterprises, 4140 Dublin Boulevard, Suite 300, Dublin, CA 94568","Presenter, Degenkolb Engineers, 707 SW Washington St, Suite 600, Portland, OR 97205.E-mail:","State of California, Department of General Services, 707 3rd St, Suite 3-305, MS #502, West Sacramento, CA 95605.E-mail:","University of California, San Diego, Dept. of Structural Engineering, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0085, La Jolla, CA 92093-0085.E-mail:"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Crosby Group, 2200 Bridge Parkway, Suite 104, Redwood City, CA 94065.E-mail:","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Degenkolb Engineers, 235 Montgomery St, Suite 500, San Francisco, CA 94104.E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118164"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Degenkolb Engineers, 707 SW Washington St, Suite 600, Portland, OR 97205.E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118164"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fluor Enterprises, 4140 Dublin Boulevard, Suite 300, Dublin, CA 94568","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Presenter, Degenkolb Engineers, 707 SW Washington St, Suite 600, Portland, OR 97205.E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118164"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State of California, Department of General Services, 707 3rd St, Suite 3-305, MS #502, West Sacramento, CA 95605.E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4389425283","https://openalex.org/I4405258437"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, San Diego, Dept. of Structural Engineering, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0085, La Jolla, CA 92093-0085.E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081945059","display_name":"Colin Blaney","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118164","display_name":"Degenkolb (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02fdhvf98","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118164"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4389425283","display_name":"State of California","ror":"https://ror.org/030sa3819","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4389425283"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258437","display_name":"California Department of General Services","ror":"https://ror.org/00ndxem43","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4389425283","https://openalex.org/I4405258437"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Colin Blaney","raw_affiliation_strings":["Crosby Group, 2200 Bridge Parkway, Suite 104, Redwood City, CA 94065.E-mail:","Degenkolb Engineers, 235 Montgomery St, Suite 500, San Francisco, CA 94104.E-mail:","Degenkolb Engineers, 707 SW Washington St, Suite 600, Portland, OR 97205.E-mail:","Fluor Enterprises, 4140 Dublin Boulevard, Suite 300, Dublin, CA 94568","Presenter, Degenkolb Engineers, 707 SW Washington St, Suite 600, Portland, OR 97205.E-mail:","State of California, Department of General Services, 707 3rd St, Suite 3-305, MS #502, West Sacramento, CA 95605.E-mail:","University of California, San Diego, Dept. of Structural Engineering, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0085, La Jolla, CA 92093-0085.E-mail:"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Crosby Group, 2200 Bridge Parkway, Suite 104, Redwood City, CA 94065.E-mail:","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Degenkolb Engineers, 235 Montgomery St, Suite 500, San Francisco, CA 94104.E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118164"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Degenkolb Engineers, 707 SW Washington St, Suite 600, Portland, OR 97205.E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118164"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fluor Enterprises, 4140 Dublin Boulevard, Suite 300, Dublin, CA 94568","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Presenter, Degenkolb Engineers, 707 SW Washington St, Suite 600, Portland, OR 97205.E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118164"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State of California, Department of General Services, 707 3rd St, Suite 3-305, MS #502, West Sacramento, CA 95605.E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4389425283","https://openalex.org/I4405258437"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, San Diego, Dept. of Structural Engineering, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0085, La Jolla, CA 92093-0085.E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013385658","display_name":"Moisey Fraynt","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118164","display_name":"Degenkolb (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02fdhvf98","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118164"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4389425283","display_name":"State of California","ror":"https://ror.org/030sa3819","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4389425283"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258437","display_name":"California Department of General Services","ror":"https://ror.org/00ndxem43","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4389425283","https://openalex.org/I4405258437"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moisey Fraynt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Crosby Group, 2200 Bridge Parkway, Suite 104, Redwood City, CA 94065.E-mail:","Degenkolb Engineers, 235 Montgomery St, Suite 500, San Francisco, CA 94104.E-mail:","Degenkolb Engineers, 707 SW Washington St, Suite 600, Portland, OR 97205.E-mail:","Fluor Enterprises, 4140 Dublin Boulevard, Suite 300, Dublin, CA 94568","Presenter, Degenkolb Engineers, 707 SW Washington St, Suite 600, Portland, OR 97205.E-mail:","State of California, Department of General Services, 707 3rd St, Suite 3-305, MS #502, West Sacramento, CA 95605.E-mail:","University of California, San Diego, Dept. of Structural Engineering, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0085, La Jolla, CA 92093-0085.E-mail:"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Crosby Group, 2200 Bridge Parkway, Suite 104, Redwood City, CA 94065.E-mail:","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Degenkolb Engineers, 235 Montgomery St, Suite 500, San Francisco, CA 94104.E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118164"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Degenkolb Engineers, 707 SW Washington St, Suite 600, Portland, OR 97205.E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118164"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fluor Enterprises, 4140 Dublin Boulevard, Suite 300, Dublin, CA 94568","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Presenter, Degenkolb Engineers, 707 SW Washington St, Suite 600, Portland, OR 97205.E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118164"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State of California, Department of General Services, 707 3rd St, Suite 3-305, MS #502, West Sacramento, CA 95605.E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4389425283","https://openalex.org/I4405258437"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, San Diego, Dept. of Structural Engineering, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0085, La Jolla, CA 92093-0085.E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030467647","display_name":"Chia\u2010Ming Uang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8467-9748","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8467-9748"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118164","display_name":"Degenkolb (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02fdhvf98","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118164"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4389425283","display_name":"State of California","ror":"https://ror.org/030sa3819","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4389425283"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258437","display_name":"California Department of General Services","ror":"https://ror.org/00ndxem43","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4389425283","https://openalex.org/I4405258437"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chia-Ming Uang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Crosby Group, 2200 Bridge Parkway, Suite 104, Redwood City, CA 94065.E-mail:","Degenkolb Engineers, 235 Montgomery St, Suite 500, San Francisco, CA 94104.E-mail:","Degenkolb Engineers, 707 SW Washington St, Suite 600, Portland, OR 97205.E-mail:","Fluor Enterprises, 4140 Dublin Boulevard, Suite 300, Dublin, CA 94568","Presenter, Degenkolb Engineers, 707 SW Washington St, Suite 600, Portland, OR 97205.E-mail:","State of California, Department of General Services, 707 3rd St, Suite 3-305, MS #502, West Sacramento, CA 95605.E-mail:","University of California, San Diego, Dept. of Structural Engineering, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0085, La Jolla, CA 92093-0085.E-mail:"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Crosby Group, 2200 Bridge Parkway, Suite 104, Redwood City, CA 94065.E-mail:","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Degenkolb Engineers, 235 Montgomery St, Suite 500, San Francisco, CA 94104.E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118164"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Degenkolb Engineers, 707 SW Washington St, Suite 600, Portland, OR 97205.E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118164"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fluor Enterprises, 4140 Dublin Boulevard, Suite 300, Dublin, CA 94568","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Presenter, Degenkolb Engineers, 707 SW Washington St, Suite 600, Portland, OR 97205.E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118164"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State of California, Department of General Services, 707 3rd St, Suite 3-305, MS #502, West Sacramento, CA 95605.E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4389425283","https://openalex.org/I4405258437"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, San Diego, Dept. of Structural Engineering, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0085, La Jolla, CA 92093-0085.E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Tamer Ahmed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118164","display_name":"Degenkolb (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02fdhvf98","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118164"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4389425283","display_name":"State of California","ror":"https://ror.org/030sa3819","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4389425283"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258437","display_name":"California Department of General Services","ror":"https://ror.org/00ndxem43","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4389425283","https://openalex.org/I4405258437"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tamer Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Crosby Group, 2200 Bridge Parkway, Suite 104, Redwood City, CA 94065.E-mail:","Degenkolb Engineers, 235 Montgomery St, Suite 500, San Francisco, CA 94104.E-mail:","Degenkolb Engineers, 707 SW Washington St, Suite 600, Portland, OR 97205.E-mail:","Fluor Enterprises, 4140 Dublin Boulevard, Suite 300, Dublin, CA 94568","Presenter, Degenkolb Engineers, 707 SW Washington St, Suite 600, Portland, OR 97205.E-mail:","State of California, Department of General Services, 707 3rd St, Suite 3-305, MS #502, West Sacramento, CA 95605.E-mail:","University of California, San Diego, Dept. of Structural Engineering, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0085, La Jolla, CA 92093-0085.E-mail:"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Crosby Group, 2200 Bridge Parkway, Suite 104, Redwood City, CA 94065.E-mail:","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Degenkolb Engineers, 235 Montgomery St, Suite 500, San Francisco, CA 94104.E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118164"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Degenkolb Engineers, 707 SW Washington St, Suite 600, Portland, OR 97205.E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118164"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fluor Enterprises, 4140 Dublin Boulevard, Suite 300, Dublin, CA 94568","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Presenter, Degenkolb Engineers, 707 SW Washington St, Suite 600, Portland, OR 97205.E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118164"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State of California, Department of General Services, 707 3rd St, Suite 3-305, MS #502, West Sacramento, CA 95605.E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4389425283","https://openalex.org/I4405258437"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, San Diego, Dept. of Structural Engineering, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0085, La Jolla, CA 92093-0085.E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959","https://openalex.org/I4210118164","https://openalex.org/I4389425283","https://openalex.org/I4405258437"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"827","last_page":"838"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10160","display_name":"Seismic Performance and Analysis","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10160","display_name":"Seismic Performance and Analysis","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13852","display_name":"Seismic and Structural Analysis of Tall Buildings","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11874","display_name":"Structural Response to Dynamic Loads","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seismic-retrofitting","display_name":"seismic retrofitting","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steel-moment-resisting-frames","display_name":"steel moment-resisting frames","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welded-beam-to-column-connections","display_name":"welded beam-to-column connections","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/northridge-earthquake","display_name":"Northridge earthquake","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viscous-dampers","display_name":"viscous dampers","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/story-drift-reduction","display_name":"story drift reduction","score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-pushover-analysis","display_name":"nonlinear pushover analysis","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-time-history-analysis","display_name":"nonlinear time history analysis","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seismic-isolation","display_name":"seismic isolation","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/buckling-restrained-braces","display_name":"buckling-restrained braces","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hayward-fault","display_name":"Hayward Fault","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/life-safety","display_name":"life safety","score":0.5730000138282776}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778368411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24662","display_name":"Retrofitting","level":2,"score":0.7105624079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.673122227191925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.5912473797798157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29979489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2468944","display_name":"Seismic retrofit","level":3,"score":0.5528773069381714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182358397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2656128","display_name":"Seismic analysis","level":2,"score":0.5405868291854858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.5271622538566589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179254644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222844","display_name":"Moment (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5266354084014893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140096630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3423628","display_name":"Damper","level":2,"score":0.48367008566856384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991790204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1727909","display_name":"Steel frame","level":2,"score":0.43551957607269287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780615140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q920419","display_name":"Upgrade","level":2,"score":0.41921114921569824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.41234228014945984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.280789315700531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988805333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184190","display_name":"Reinforced concrete","level":2,"score":0.22316986322402954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.08305767178535461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1061/41171(401)73","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/41171(401)73","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/41171(401)73","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306530981","display_name":"ASCE Structures Congress","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Structures Congress 2011","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.7250000238418579}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2130213987"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2332538055","https://openalex.org/W2070974300","https://openalex.org/W2322369649","https://openalex.org/W6921619962","https://openalex.org/W2182236828","https://openalex.org/W608257828","https://openalex.org/W2069688124","https://openalex.org/W2060800135","https://openalex.org/W2061485135","https://openalex.org/W2324939991"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"summarizes":[2],"the":[3,26,45,52,57,67,76,86,92,107,138,151,164,167,189,192,205,239,260,268],"seismic":[4,128,271],"analysis":[5,200],"and":[6,65,127,144,162,224,241],"rehabilitation":[7,206],"design":[8,269],"of":[9,51,78,88,95,137,166,181,191,198,234],"a":[10,70,79,103,113,130,179,208,225],"fifteen":[11],"story":[12,108],"steel":[13],"moment":[14,141,153],"resisting":[15],"frame":[16,142],"building":[17,30,68,171,235],"in":[18,44,75,102,112,159,169,204],"Oakland,":[19],"California,":[20],"less":[21],"than":[22],"five":[23],"miles":[24],"from":[25],"Hayward":[27],"Fault.":[28],"The":[29,245],"was":[31,148],"constructed":[32],"with":[33,211,218,229],"connection":[34,124,193],"details":[35],"that":[36,56,132,174,259],"were":[37,60,185,202,253],"found":[38],"to":[39,42,63,72,84,105,110,187,237,255],"be":[40,265],"vulnerable":[41,62],"fracture":[43],"1994":[46],"Northridge":[47],"earthquake.":[48,81],"Previous":[49],"testing":[50],"existing":[53,139,152],"connections":[54,59,143,154],"indicated":[55],"welded":[58],"highly":[61],"fracture,":[64],"consequently":[66],"presented":[69],"risk":[71],"life":[73],"safety":[74],"event":[77],"major":[80],"Seismic":[82,93],"strengthening":[83,134],"meet":[85],"State":[87,96],"California":[89],"Guidelines":[90],"for":[91],"Retrofit":[94],"Buildings":[97],"Risk":[98],"Level":[99],"III":[100],"resulted":[101],"requirement":[104],"reduce":[106],"drifts":[109],"1.5%":[111],"475-year":[114],"return":[115],"period":[116],"event.":[117,272],"After":[118],"considering":[119],"several":[120],"retrofitting":[121],"schemes":[122],"including":[123],"strengthening,":[125],"BRBF's":[126],"isolation,":[129],"scheme":[131,240],"included":[133],"sixty":[135],"percent":[136],"pre-Northridge":[140],"adding":[145],"viscous":[146],"dampers":[147],"selected.":[149],"Since":[150],"had":[155,175],"performed":[156,186,203],"so":[157],"poorly":[158],"previous":[160],"testing,":[161],"because":[163],"size":[165],"members":[168],"this":[170],"exceeded":[172],"those":[173],"been":[176],"previously":[177],"tested,":[178],"series":[180],"four":[182],"full-scale":[183],"tests":[184],"confirm":[188],"validity":[190],"upgrade":[194],"design.":[195],"Two":[196],"phases":[197],"advanced":[199],"techniques":[201],"design;":[207],"study":[209],"phase":[210,228],"multi-mode":[212],"two-dimensional":[213],"nonlinear":[214,220,230],"pushover":[215],"analyses":[216,233],"along":[217],"single-degree-of-freedom":[219],"dynamic":[221],"time-history":[222],"analyses;":[223],"working":[226],"drawings":[227],"response":[231],"history":[232],"frames":[236],"refine":[238],"perform":[242],"member":[243],"checks.":[244],"extra":[246],"steps":[247],"taken":[248],"beyond":[249],"typical":[250],"engineering":[251],"practices":[252],"intended":[254],"provide":[256],"better":[257],"assurance":[258],"project's":[261],"performance":[262],"goals":[263],"would":[264],"met":[266],"during":[267],"basis":[270]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-05T09:50:58.205359","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
