{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2017940695","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/h0058631","title":"Negative practice and theories of learning.","display_name":"Negative practice and theories of learning.","publication_year":1941,"publication_date":"1941-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2017940695","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/h0058631","mag":"2017940695"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1037/h0058631","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/h0058631","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/h0058631","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35223124","display_name":"Psychological Review","issn_l":"0033-295X","issn":["0033-295X","1939-1471"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychological Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030260072","display_name":"Helen Peak","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"H. Peak","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030260072"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94244604,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":"4","first_page":"316","last_page":"336"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12430","display_name":"Academic and Historical Perspectives in Psychology","score":0.1889999955892563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3200","display_name":"General Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12430","display_name":"Academic and Historical Perspectives in Psychology","score":0.1889999955892563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3200","display_name":"General Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10918","display_name":"Memory Processes and Influences","score":0.1859000027179718,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10437","display_name":"Educational theories and practices","score":0.05849999934434891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-theory","display_name":"learning theory","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/negative-reinforcement","display_name":"negative reinforcement","score":0.3619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/avoidance-learning","display_name":"avoidance learning","score":0.5580000281333923}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6251896619796753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.4943070411682129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92393732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1790374","display_name":"Learning theory","level":2,"score":0.4367883801460266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.4357559084892273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.4055961072444916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.15031909942626953}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1037/h0058631","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/h0058631","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/h0058631","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35223124","display_name":"Psychological Review","issn_l":"0033-295X","issn":["0033-295X","1939-1471"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychological Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1515242458","https://openalex.org/W1665143973","https://openalex.org/W1984574780","https://openalex.org/W2007090988","https://openalex.org/W2032511534","https://openalex.org/W2053672132","https://openalex.org/W2060968044","https://openalex.org/W2062317934","https://openalex.org/W2084807600","https://openalex.org/W2091708769","https://openalex.org/W2107140784","https://openalex.org/W2335228715","https://openalex.org/W3144801188"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2043618767","https://openalex.org/W2079279385","https://openalex.org/W2059172773","https://openalex.org/W2021110696","https://openalex.org/W2008319489","https://openalex.org/W2332024567","https://openalex.org/W1981774797","https://openalex.org/W4246629549","https://openalex.org/W1990567207","https://openalex.org/W2042026008"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
