{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2017829871","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2495/isud130031","title":"Production of skin lotions/creams from Hammam Jalli\u2019s mud","display_name":"Production of skin lotions/creams from Hammam Jalli\u2019s mud","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-11-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2017829871","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2495/isud130031","mag":"2017829871"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2495/isud130031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2495/isud130031","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2495/isud130031","pdf_url":"http://www.witpress.com/Secure/elibrary/papers/ISUD13/ISUD13003FU1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407113444","display_name":"International Symposium on Urban Development: Koya as a Case Study","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311589","host_organization_name":"WIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311589"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["WIT Press"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"First International Symposium on Urban Development: Koya as a Case Study","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"http://www.witpress.com/Secure/elibrary/papers/ISUD13/ISUD13003FU1.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088375129","display_name":"Mohammed H. S. Zangana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2193-7797","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2193-7797"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4896460","display_name":"Koya University","ror":"https://ror.org/017pq0w72","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4896460"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed H. S. Zangana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Koya University, Kurdistan-Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Koya University, Kurdistan-Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4896460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031813153","display_name":"Fakhri H. Ibraheem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2568-3464","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2568-3464"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4896460","display_name":"Koya University","ror":"https://ror.org/017pq0w72","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4896460"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fakhri H. Ibraheem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Koya University, Kurdistan-Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Koya University, Kurdistan-Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4896460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062623999","display_name":"Abdulrahman Kh. Perot","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4896460","display_name":"Koya University","ror":"https://ror.org/017pq0w72","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4896460"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdulrahman Kh. Perot","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Koya University, Kurdistan-Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Koya University, Kurdistan-Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4896460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006524865","display_name":"Kanabi O. Ibrahim","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4896460","display_name":"Koya University","ror":"https://ror.org/017pq0w72","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4896460"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kanabi O. Ibrahim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Koya University, Kurdistan-Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Koya University, Kurdistan-Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4896460"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065284119","display_name":"Fuad M. Khoshnaw","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4896460","display_name":"Koya University","ror":"https://ror.org/017pq0w72","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4896460"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fuad M. Khoshnaw","raw_affiliation_strings":["Manufacturing Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Koya University, Kurdistan-Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Manufacturing Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Koya University, Kurdistan-Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4896460"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4896460"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"21","last_page":"26"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13108","display_name":"Therapeutic Uses of Natural Elements","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3603","display_name":"Complementary and Manual Therapy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13108","display_name":"Therapeutic Uses of Natural Elements","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3603","display_name":"Complementary and Manual Therapy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12773","display_name":"Water Quality and Resources Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12681","display_name":"Global Healthcare and Medical Tourism","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1409","display_name":"Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mud-therapy","display_name":"mud therapy","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-lotion","display_name":"skin lotion","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-cream","display_name":"skin cream","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/springs","display_name":"springs","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hot-springs","display_name":"hot springs","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/escherichia-coli","display_name":"Escherichia coli","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psoriasis","display_name":"psoriasis","score":0.5220000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-inflammation","display_name":"skin inflammation","score":0.578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-flow-diagram","display_name":"process flow diagram","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cosmetics-manufacturing","display_name":"cosmetics manufacturing","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kurdistan-region","display_name":"Iraqi Kurdistan","score":0.4740000069141388}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18918823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49389","display_name":"Tourism","level":2,"score":0.6337279677391052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779717098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131207","display_name":"Cosmetics","level":2,"score":0.4835645854473114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778131859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177380","display_name":"Hot spring","level":2,"score":0.44439923763275146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16005928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171171","display_name":"Dermatology","level":1,"score":0.3459523916244507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.327402800321579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.27395230531692505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.24085810780525208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2356652319431305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.08979165554046631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2495/isud130031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2495/isud130031","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2495/isud130031","pdf_url":"http://www.witpress.com/Secure/elibrary/papers/ISUD13/ISUD13003FU1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407113444","display_name":"International Symposium on Urban Development: Koya as a Case Study","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311589","host_organization_name":"WIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311589"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["WIT Press"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"First International Symposium on Urban Development: Koya as a Case Study","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2495/isud130031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2495/isud130031","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2495/isud130031","pdf_url":"http://www.witpress.com/Secure/elibrary/papers/ISUD13/ISUD13003FU1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407113444","display_name":"International Symposium on Urban Development: Koya as a Case Study","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311589","host_organization_name":"WIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311589"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["WIT Press"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"First International Symposium on Urban Development: Koya as a Case Study","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.53329998254776},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.4043000042438507}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2017829871.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2017829871.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2182847061","https://openalex.org/W2906646042","https://openalex.org/W4300854659","https://openalex.org/W6633955214"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2561239072","https://openalex.org/W4295217550","https://openalex.org/W7128737709","https://openalex.org/W2394649561","https://openalex.org/W2189138229","https://openalex.org/W4387165505","https://openalex.org/W48958817","https://openalex.org/W4385248798","https://openalex.org/W2122651089","https://openalex.org/W2957748747"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"are":[1,11,31,73],"a":[2,166,186,195,207,225],"number":[3],"of":[4,19,50,59,65,92,178,234],"natural":[5],"springs":[6,30,52],"throughout":[7],"the":[8,57,87,90,114,136,171,176,179,199,216,232],"Kurdistan":[9,36],"region.They":[10],"located":[12,55],"in":[13,25,35,124],"different":[14],"geographical":[15],"areas":[16],"and":[17,27,61,89,175,213,241],"each":[18],"them":[20],"may":[21],"differ":[22],"from":[23,75,237],"another":[24],"odder":[26],"mineral":[28],"contents.These":[29],"known":[32],"by":[33],"locals":[34,212],"under":[37],"various":[38],"names,":[39],"for":[40,159,211,231],"example,":[41],"Hammam,":[42],"Garaw,":[43],"Ganaw":[44],"or":[45,100],"Ganau.Hammam":[46],"Jalli":[47,94,190],"is":[48,54,62,107,140],"one":[49],"these":[51],"which":[53,182],"near":[56],"city":[58],"Koya":[60],"attracting":[63],"thousands":[64],"local":[66],"people":[67],"every":[68],"year,":[69],"mainly,":[70],"those":[71],"who":[72],"suffering":[74],"skin":[76,235],"diseases":[77],"such":[78,125],"as":[79,98,101,194],"psoriasis,":[80],"urticaria,":[81],"leucoderma,":[82],"eczema,":[83],"acne,":[84],"dermatitis,":[85],"etc.Both":[86],"water":[88,139,174],"mud":[91,240],"Hammam":[93,137,172,189,238],"have":[95],"been":[96,119],"used":[97,158],"treatment":[99],"cosmetics,":[102],"However,":[103],"their":[104],"therapeutic":[105],"effects":[106],"not":[108],"fully":[109,141],"understood":[110],"and,":[111],"according":[112],"to":[113,128,185,223],"authors'":[115],"knowledge,":[116],"there":[117],"has":[118],"no":[120],"scientific":[121],"research":[122],"work":[123,218],"detail":[126],"prior":[127],"this":[129,201],"study.The":[130],"microbiological":[131],"testing":[132],"results":[133,164],"show":[134,165],"that":[135,188],"Jalli's":[138,173,239],"contaminated":[142],"with":[143],"harmful":[144],"bacteria":[145],"including":[146],"E.":[147],"coli,":[148],"therefore,":[149],"it":[150,155],"must":[151],"be":[152,157,192,204],"treated":[153],"before":[154],"can":[156,183,191,203],"human":[160],"consumption.The":[161],"temperature":[162,168,177],"measurement":[163],"large":[167],"difference":[169],"between":[170],"surrounding":[180],"air":[181],"lead":[184],"conclusion":[187],"introduced":[193],"hot":[196],"spring.This":[197],"being":[198],"case,":[200],"spring":[202],"turned":[205],"into":[206],"popular":[208],"tourist":[209],"destination":[210],"international":[214],"tourism.In":[215],"current":[217],"also":[219],"efforts":[220],"were":[221],"made":[222],"suggest":[224],"suitable":[226],"process":[227],"flow":[228],"diagram":[229],"(PFD)":[230],"production":[233],"lotions/creams":[236],"water.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}