{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2017810620","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2118/169111-ms","title":"Optic imaging of Oil/Water flow behavior in nano-scale channels","display_name":"Optic imaging of Oil/Water flow behavior in nano-scale channels","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-04-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2017810620","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2118/169111-ms","mag":"2017810620"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2118/169111-ms","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2118/169111-ms","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2118/169111-ms","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306530664","display_name":"SPE Improved Oil Recovery Conference","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037042139","display_name":"Songyuan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7725-674X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7725-674X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20382870","display_name":"Missouri University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00scwqd12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Songyuan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Missouri University of Science and Technology","[Missouri University of Science & Technology]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Missouri University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Missouri University of Science & Technology]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113745255","display_name":"Qihua Wu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20382870","display_name":"Missouri University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00scwqd12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qihua Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Missouri University of Science and Technology","[Missouri University of Science & Technology]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Missouri University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Missouri University of Science & Technology]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084746750","display_name":"Baojun Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3551-4787","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3551-4787"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20382870","display_name":"Missouri University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00scwqd12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baojun Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Missouri University of Science and Technology","[Missouri University of Science & Technology]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Missouri University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Missouri University of Science & Technology]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081352482","display_name":"Yinfa Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9719-8345","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9719-8345"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20382870","display_name":"Missouri University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00scwqd12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinfa Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Missouri University of Science and Technology","[Missouri University of Science & Technology]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Missouri University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Missouri University of Science & Technology]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110552767","display_name":"Mingzhen Wei","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20382870","display_name":"Missouri University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00scwqd12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingzhen Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Missouri University of Science and Technology","[Missouri University of Science & Technology]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Missouri University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Missouri University of Science & Technology]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031790048","display_name":"Xiaolong Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8137-4535","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8137-4535","https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5444-7852"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167576493","display_name":"Colorado School of Mines","ror":"https://ror.org/04raf6v53","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167576493"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaolong Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Colorado School of Mines"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8137-4535","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Colorado School of Mines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167576493"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070205215","display_name":"Keith B. Neeves","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7546-4588","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7546-4588"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167576493","display_name":"Colorado School of Mines","ror":"https://ror.org/04raf6v53","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167576493"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keith Neeves","raw_affiliation_strings":["Colorado School of Mines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Colorado School of Mines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167576493"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5558,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56233555,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10491","display_name":"Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques","score":0.9330999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10491","display_name":"Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques","score":0.9330999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10399","display_name":"Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis","score":0.03889999911189079,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10635","display_name":"Hydraulic Fracturing and Reservoir Analysis","score":0.004999999888241291,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oil-water-two-phase-flow","display_name":"oil-water two-phase flow","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shale-oil","display_name":"shale oil","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unconventional-reservoirs","display_name":"unconventional reservoirs","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual-saturation","display_name":"residual saturation","score":0.4230000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drainage","display_name":"drainage","score":0.5479999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imbibition","display_name":"imbibition","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plug-flow","display_name":"plug flow","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wettability","display_name":"wettability","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confocal-microscopy-imaging","display_name":"confocal microscopy imaging","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lab-on-a-chip","display_name":"lab-on-a-chip","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pore-scale-flow","display_name":"pore-scale flow","score":0.4779999852180481}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778409621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1659781","display_name":"Imbibition","level":3,"score":0.6742082238197327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5789545774459839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78762247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1273174","display_name":"Petroleum engineering","level":1,"score":0.55311119556427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172120300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134348","display_name":"Volumetric flow rate","level":2,"score":0.506590723991394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9930424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7426587","display_name":"Saturation (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.47324854135513306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90278072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216320","display_name":"Fluid dynamics","level":2,"score":0.4720526337623596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134514944","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817136","display_name":"Wetting","level":2,"score":0.44858407974243164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.3409534692764282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2972210645675659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.2814839482307434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.20047560334205627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10057374835014343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100701293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193838","display_name":"Germination","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2118/169111-ms","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2118/169111-ms","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2118/169111-ms","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306530664","display_name":"SPE Improved Oil Recovery Conference","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.8399999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W635886426","https://openalex.org/W1984065786","https://openalex.org/W1986057152","https://openalex.org/W1989780128","https://openalex.org/W2009098187","https://openalex.org/W2012008107","https://openalex.org/W2023659595","https://openalex.org/W2082583257","https://openalex.org/W2087469574","https://openalex.org/W2505036412","https://openalex.org/W4255169763"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2791749996","https://openalex.org/W2012008107","https://openalex.org/W1992945611","https://openalex.org/W4280569866","https://openalex.org/W2407473256","https://openalex.org/W7117971016","https://openalex.org/W4400330880","https://openalex.org/W7124159355","https://openalex.org/W2982430423","https://openalex.org/W3113051521"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Unconventional":[1],"oil":[2,21,83],"reservoir":[3],"has":[4],"presented":[5],"the":[6,16,43,51,54,86,91,115,120,133,179],"potential":[7],"to":[8,109,165],"become":[9],"a":[10,126,188,203],"significant":[11],"source":[12],"of":[13,24,42,53,65,132,154],"hydrocarbon":[14],"in":[15,46,71,80,90,119,136],"future":[17],"productions.":[18],"Many":[19],"shale":[20,47,82],"systems":[22],"consist":[23],"nano-scale":[25,95,121,137],"pores":[26,96],"and":[27,77,97,102,114,176],"micro-scale":[28,92],"fractures":[29],"that":[30],"are":[31],"significantly":[32],"smaller":[33,183],"than":[34,62],"those":[35],"from":[36,50],"conventional":[37],"reservoirs.":[38],"Such":[39],"small":[40],"size":[41,52],"pore":[44],"throats":[45],"may":[48],"differ":[49],"saturating":[55],"fluid":[56,74,87,111],"molecules":[57],"by":[58,141],"only":[59],"slightly":[60],"more":[61],"one":[63],"order":[64],"magnitude.":[66],"This":[67],"difference":[68],"will":[69],"result":[70],"different":[72],"wettability,":[73],"flow":[75,88,112,135,156,169,180],"mechanisms":[76],"storage":[78],"capabilities":[79],"unconventional":[81],"systems.":[84],"However,":[85],"behavior":[89,181],"or":[93],"even":[94],"channels":[98,138],"is":[99,106,139,158],"poorly":[100],"investigated":[101],"understood.":[103],"Therefore,":[104],"it":[105],"increasingly":[107],"important":[108],"investigate":[110],"behaviors":[113,157],"fluids":[116],"residue":[117],"saturation":[118,175],"channels.":[122],"In":[123],"this":[124],"work,":[125],"lab-on-chip":[127],"approach":[128],"for":[129],"direct":[130],"visualization":[131],"water/oil":[134,155],"developed":[140],"using":[142],"advanced":[143],"confocal":[144,199],"microscopy":[145],"system":[146,200],"combined":[147],"with":[148],"nano-fluidic":[149],"chip.":[150],"A":[151],"comprehensive":[152],"study":[153],"presented.":[159],"During":[160,185],"drainage":[161],"process,":[162,187],"liquids":[163],"tend":[164],"be":[166],"piston":[167],"like":[168],"under":[170,182],"micro;":[171],"both":[172],"residual":[173,196],"phase":[174,197],"configuration":[177],"affect":[178],"scale.":[184,208],"imbibition":[186],"fading":[189],"out":[190],"phenomenon":[191],"was":[192],"observed":[193],"which.":[194],"For":[195],"saturation,":[198],"can":[201],"give":[202],"precise":[204],"description":[205],"within":[206],"3-dimensional":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}