{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2017806916","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/eamj.v78i2.9095","title":"Transmission blocking vaccine studies in leishmaniasis: II Effect of immunisation using Leshmania major derived 63 kilodalton on the course of L. major infection in BALB/c mice","display_name":"Transmission blocking vaccine studies in leishmaniasis: II Effect of immunisation using Leshmania major derived 63 kilodalton on the course of L. major infection in BALB/c mice","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2017806916","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/eamj.v78i2.9095","mag":"2017806916","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11682953"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4314/eamj.v78i2.9095","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/eamj.v78i2.9095","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4314/eamj.v78i2.9095","pdf_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/eamj/article/download/9095/1596","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4140075","display_name":"East African Medical Journal","issn_l":"0012-835X","issn":["0012-835X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jpps-1","norway-1","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321518","host_organization_name":"African Journals OnLine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321518"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["African Journals OnLine"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"East African Medical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/eamj/article/download/9095/1596","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075152214","display_name":"Willy Kiprotich Tonui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5846-7955","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5846-7955"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2841861","display_name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04r1cxt79","country_code":"KE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2841861"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. K. Tonui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 54840, Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 54840, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2841861"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074005031","display_name":"P. A. Mbati","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. A. Mbati","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109107430","display_name":"C. O. Anjili","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. O. Anjili","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111842739","display_name":"Alloys S. S. Orago","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7804-575X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7804-575X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. S. Orago","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108584198","display_name":"Salvatore Joseph Turco","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. J. Turco","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109262768","display_name":"J. I. Githure","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. I. Githure","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"D. K. Keoch","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. K. Keoch","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7751,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75809658,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"78","issue":"2","first_page":"90","last_page":"2"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10823","display_name":"Research on Leishmaniasis Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10823","display_name":"Research on Leishmaniasis Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12107","display_name":"Leprosy Research and Treatment","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11899","display_name":"Brucella: diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3404","display_name":"Small Animals"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/34","display_name":"Veterinary"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leishmaniasis","display_name":"leishmaniasis","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leishmania-major","display_name":"Leishmania major","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission-blocking-vaccine","display_name":"transmission-blocking vaccine","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lipophosphoglycan","display_name":"lipophosphoglycan","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phlebotomus-duboscqi","display_name":"Phlebotomus duboscqi","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sand-fly-vectors","display_name":"sand fly vectors","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/balb-c-mice","display_name":"BALB/c mice","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vaccine-development","display_name":"vaccine development","score":0.3630000054836273}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775889376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7416192","display_name":"Sandfly","level":4,"score":0.6727949380874634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147483822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103537","display_name":"Antigen","level":2,"score":0.6577192544937134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6217943429946899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.6084797382354736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781092759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q524818","display_name":"Leishmania","level":3,"score":0.5963273048400879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780599195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1950715","display_name":"Leishmania major","level":4,"score":0.5849384069442749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776529007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9820","display_name":"BALB/c","level":3,"score":0.5681860446929932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776555147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331283","display_name":"Leishmaniasis","level":2,"score":0.5489070415496826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.5351764559745789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779761457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1709478","display_name":"Phlebotomus","level":4,"score":0.5329163074493408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.5251888036727905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92087593","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q427389","display_name":"Vector (molecular biology)","level":4,"score":0.47002172470092773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777983519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753860","display_name":"Psychodidae","level":3,"score":0.43898648023605347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71928629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q804206","display_name":"Parasite hosting","level":2,"score":0.3749817907810211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40767141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285697","display_name":"Recombinant DNA","level":3,"score":0.2313760221004486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000953","descriptor_name":"Antigens, Protozoan","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004195","descriptor_name":"Disease Models, Animal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004353","descriptor_name":"Drug Evaluation, Preclinical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006028","descriptor_name":"Glycosphingolipids","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007303","descriptor_name":"Insect Vectors","qualifier_ui":"Q000469","qualifier_name":"parasitology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008666","descriptor_name":"Metalloendopeptidases","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008807","descriptor_name":"Mice, Inbred BALB C","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010691","descriptor_name":"Phlebotomus","qualifier_ui":"Q000469","qualifier_name":"parasitology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016052","descriptor_name":"Protozoan Vaccines","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016773","descriptor_name":"Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016773","descriptor_name":"Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016773","descriptor_name":"Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous","qualifier_ui":"Q000469","qualifier_name":"parasitology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016773","descriptor_name":"Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016773","descriptor_name":"Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous","qualifier_ui":"Q000635","qualifier_name":"transmission","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018320","descriptor_name":"Leishmania major","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018450","descriptor_name":"Disease Progression","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4314/eamj.v78i2.9095","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/eamj.v78i2.9095","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4314/eamj.v78i2.9095","pdf_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/eamj/article/download/9095/1596","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4140075","display_name":"East African Medical Journal","issn_l":"0012-835X","issn":["0012-835X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jpps-1","norway-1","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321518","host_organization_name":"African Journals OnLine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321518"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["African Journals OnLine"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"East African Medical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:11682953","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11682953","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"East African medical journal","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4314/eamj.v78i2.9095","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/eamj.v78i2.9095","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4314/eamj.v78i2.9095","pdf_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/eamj/article/download/9095/1596","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4140075","display_name":"East African Medical Journal","issn_l":"0012-835X","issn":["0012-835X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jpps-1","norway-1","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321518","host_organization_name":"African Journals OnLine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321518"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["African Journals OnLine"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"East African Medical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.98580002784729,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2017806916.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996902495","https://openalex.org/W2151482240","https://openalex.org/W2409148566","https://openalex.org/W77888105","https://openalex.org/W2007253465","https://openalex.org/W1985128745","https://openalex.org/W2944877127","https://openalex.org/W2183472516","https://openalex.org/W2038533031","https://openalex.org/W2095504500"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Safe,":[1],"effective":[2],"and":[3,75,132,161,201,218],"inexpensive":[4],"vaccines":[5],"may":[6],"be":[7,43,338],"the":[8,27,70,73,76,80,88,146,206,219,250,266,294,306,313,324],"most":[9],"practical":[10],"tool":[11],"for":[12,30,149,169,224,340],"control":[13,272],"of":[14,17,23,37,79,90,136,173,197,221,227,296,309,323],"any":[15],"form":[16],"leishmaniasis.":[18],"Leishmaniasis":[19],"produces":[20],"a":[21,59,133,187,195,225],"state":[22],"pre-immunition":[24],"which":[25,103,237,258,277],"is":[26,51],"underlying":[28],"mechanism":[29],"prolonged":[31],"immunity":[32],"to":[33,42,45,82,155,163,213,271,337],"re-infection.":[34],"Low":[35],"doses":[36,322],"parasites":[38,310],"has":[39],"been":[40],"shown":[41],"able":[44],"induce":[46],"protection":[47],"in":[48,68,92,190,300,343],"mice.":[49,109],"It":[50],"not":[52],"known,":[53],"however,":[54],"how":[55],"immune":[56],"sera":[57],"from":[58,289,316,326],"susceptible":[60],"host":[61],"immunised":[62,108,114,158,282,332],"with":[63,116,333],"Leishmania-derived":[64,334],"antigens":[65,119,335],"when":[66],"taken":[67],"by":[69,312],"sandfly":[71],"affects":[72],"development":[74,345],"subsequent":[77],"transmission":[78],"parasite":[81,123,325],"naive":[83,215],"hosts.":[84],"OBJECTIVE:":[85],"To":[86],"monitor":[87],"course":[89,220,295],"disease":[91,247],"BALB/c":[93,111,216,301],"mice":[94,112,217,245,264,273,283,302],"following":[95],"challenge":[96],"using":[97,235,256,275],"L.":[98,150,297],"major":[99,151,298],"infected":[100,167,234,255,274],"P.":[101],"duboscqi":[102,144],"had":[104,238,259,265,278],"previously":[105,239,260,328],"fed":[106,240,261,279,329],"on":[107,157,166,184,241,262,280,305,330],"METHODS:":[110],"were":[113,152,182,211],"adequately":[115],"Leishmania":[117,347],"major-derived":[118],"namely,":[120],"crude":[121],"whole":[122],"(WPA),":[124],"recombinant":[125],"63":[126],"kilodalton":[127],"glycoprotein":[128],"(rgp63),":[129],"lipophosphoglycan":[130],"(LPG)":[131],"cocktail":[134],"composed":[135],"rgp63":[137],"plus":[138],"LPG":[139],"antigens.":[140],"Laboratory":[141],"reared":[142],"Phlebotomus":[143],"sandflies,":[145],"natural":[147],"vector":[148],"later":[153],"allowed":[154,162],"feed":[156],"animals,":[159],"interrupted":[160],"continue":[164],"feeding":[165],"animals":[168,331],"an":[170,191],"equal":[171],"amount":[172],"time":[174],"until":[175],"they":[176],"became":[177],"fully":[178],"engorged.":[179],"The":[180],"sandflies":[181,210,236,257,276,327],"maintained":[183,193],"apples":[185],"as":[186,249],"carbohydrate":[188],"source":[189],"insectary":[192],"at":[194,228],"temperature":[196],"25":[198],"degrees":[199],"C":[200],"80%":[202],"relative":[203],"humidity.":[204],"On":[205],"seventh":[207],"day":[208],"these":[209],"used":[212],"infect":[214],"infection":[222,251,299],"followed":[223],"period":[226],"least":[229,267],"three":[230],"months.":[231],"RESULTS:":[232],"Mice":[233],"WPA":[242],"or":[243],"rgp63-immunized":[244],"showed":[246],"exacerbation":[248],"progressed,":[252],"whereas":[253],"those":[254],"LPG-immunised":[263],"lesion":[268],"sizes":[269],"compared":[270],"saline":[281],"(p":[284],"<":[285],"0.05).":[286],"CONCLUSIONS:":[287],"Results":[288,315],"this":[290,317],"study":[291,318],"indicate":[292],"that":[293,320],"was":[303],"dependent":[304],"infective":[307],"dose":[308],"transmitted":[311],"sandflies.":[314],"suggests":[319],"sub-infective":[321],"needs":[336],"evaluated":[339],"their":[341],"potential":[342],"vaccine":[344],"against":[346],"infections.":[348]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
