{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2017756463","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-6576.1997.tb04807.x","title":"Analgesic and psychomotor effects of thiopental at subanesthetic concentrations in human volunteers","display_name":"Analgesic and psychomotor effects of thiopental at subanesthetic concentrations in human volunteers","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2017756463","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-6576.1997.tb04807.x","mag":"2017756463","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9265935"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1399-6576.1997.tb04807.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-6576.1997.tb04807.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-6576.1997.tb04807.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S177321322","display_name":"Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica","issn_l":"0001-5172","issn":["0001-5172","1399-6576"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053321818","display_name":"C. J. YOUNG","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. J. YOUNG","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Illinois, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Illinois, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110047489","display_name":"D. W. Coalson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. COALSON","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026511638","display_name":"P. Allan Klock","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2055-9720","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2055-9720"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. A. KLOCK","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053575638","display_name":"Jerome M. Klafta","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. M. KLAFTA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054920604","display_name":"G. Goldsher","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. GOLDSHER","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020257221","display_name":"Jeffrey L. Apfelbaum","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. L. APFELBAUM","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012038009","display_name":"James P. Zacny","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. P. ZACNY","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012038009"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"],"apc_list":{"value":4430,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4430},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13400673,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"7","first_page":"903","last_page":"910"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10436","display_name":"Anesthesia and Sedative Agents","score":0.9643999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10436","display_name":"Anesthesia and Sedative Agents","score":0.9643999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10189","display_name":"Anesthesia and Pain Management","score":0.024299999698996544,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11199","display_name":"Pain Management and Opioid Use","score":0.005100000184029341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thiopental","display_name":"thiopental","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/barbiturates","display_name":"barbiturates","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pain-relief","display_name":"analgesia","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cold-pressor-pain","display_name":"cold pressor pain","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychomotor-function","display_name":"psychomotor performance","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mood","display_name":"mood","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moderate-sedation","display_name":"conscious sedation","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/effect-site-concentration","display_name":"effect-site concentration","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fentanyl","display_name":"fentanyl","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dose-response-relationship","display_name":"dose-response relationship","score":0.4560000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pain-modulation","display_name":"pain modulation","score":0.4580000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.8679026961326599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8529345393180847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781072394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407541","display_name":"Fentanyl","level":2,"score":0.7662912607192993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780820201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173235","display_name":"Analgesic","level":2,"score":0.7301791906356812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27081682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269829","display_name":"Placebo","level":3,"score":0.7045876979827881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776814716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574801","display_name":"Sedation","level":2,"score":0.6830787062644958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910962159","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410179","display_name":"Thiopental Sodium","level":3,"score":0.6447420716285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33971717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16679368","display_name":"Cold pressor test","level":4,"score":0.5251999497413635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777397205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275792","display_name":"Saline","level":2,"score":0.4972381889820099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43376680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6580786","display_name":"Bolus (digestion)","level":2,"score":0.4801980257034302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776277131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422740","display_name":"Propofol","level":2,"score":0.24207907915115356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.1931772530078888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.15226846933364868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777953023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073121","display_name":"Heart rate","level":3,"score":0.11665129661560059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.09013685584068298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000339","descriptor_name":"Affect","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000700","descriptor_name":"Analgesics","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004305","descriptor_name":"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004311","descriptor_name":"Double-Blind Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011597","descriptor_name":"Psychomotor Performance","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013874","descriptor_name":"Thiopental","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018592","descriptor_name":"Cross-Over Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018686","descriptor_name":"Anesthetics, Intravenous","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1399-6576.1997.tb04807.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-6576.1997.tb04807.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-6576.1997.tb04807.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S177321322","display_name":"Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica","issn_l":"0001-5172","issn":["0001-5172","1399-6576"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:9265935","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9265935","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5699999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Randomized Controlled Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/randomized-controlled-trial"},{"display_name":"Clinical Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1877438173","https://openalex.org/W1963670029","https://openalex.org/W1973811079","https://openalex.org/W1979641505","https://openalex.org/W1988486806","https://openalex.org/W1994592091","https://openalex.org/W1994657866","https://openalex.org/W2029692203","https://openalex.org/W2045973144","https://openalex.org/W2049141977","https://openalex.org/W2051783790","https://openalex.org/W2072767492","https://openalex.org/W2073679637","https://openalex.org/W2074703479","https://openalex.org/W2084844003","https://openalex.org/W2093234745","https://openalex.org/W2108983865","https://openalex.org/W2122519870","https://openalex.org/W2138407894","https://openalex.org/W2150465485","https://openalex.org/W2150941885","https://openalex.org/W2227188615","https://openalex.org/W2286245419","https://openalex.org/W2299453883","https://openalex.org/W2486330806","https://openalex.org/W2615860577","https://openalex.org/W4241889241"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1983633909","https://openalex.org/W2006912743","https://openalex.org/W2159157341","https://openalex.org/W1968071780","https://openalex.org/W4240985023","https://openalex.org/W1772345913","https://openalex.org/W2172199224","https://openalex.org/W7098299464","https://openalex.org/W1877438173","https://openalex.org/W1973110563"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Studies":[1],"of":[2,5,10,27,51,104,182],"the":[3,8,25,121,128,154,173,183,190,212],"effects":[4,26],"barbiturates":[6,216],"on":[7,35],"modulation":[9],"pain":[11,37,145,166,187],"have":[12],"produced":[13,157],"mixed":[14],"results.":[15],"In":[16],"a":[17,59,63,83,111,114,158,202],"prospective,":[18],"double-blind,":[19],"randomized,":[20],"placebo-controlled":[21],"trial,":[22],"we":[23],"studied":[24],"thiopental":[28,72,95],"at":[29,153,169,177,221],"presumed":[30],"steady-state,":[31],"\"conscious":[32],"sedation\"":[33],"levels":[34],"cold-pressor-induced":[36,224],"in":[38,137,164,201],"12":[39],"healthy":[40],"volunteers.":[41],"METHODS:":[42],"Five":[43,118],"drug":[44,55],"conditions":[45,68],"were":[46,69,97,149],"used,":[47],"each":[48],"condition":[49],"consisting":[50],"an":[52],"injection":[53],"(either":[54],"or":[56,219],"placebo)":[57],"with":[58],"20-min":[60],"infusion":[61,122,129,174],"and":[62,78,107,113,124,146,176,198],"160-min":[64],"recovery":[65],"period.":[66],"The":[67,93],"placebo":[70],"(saline),":[71],"targeted":[73],"to":[74,86,90,100],"three":[75,94],"effect-site":[76,102],"concentrations,":[77],"fentanyl":[79],"(1.4":[80],"micrograms/kg),":[81],"as":[82],"positive":[84],"control":[85],"verify":[87],"test":[88],"sensitivity":[89],"analgesic":[91],"drugs.":[92],"concentrations":[96,103],"modeled":[98],"(STANPUMP)":[99],"achieve":[101],"5,":[105],"7.5,":[106],"10":[108],"micrograms/ml":[109],"using":[110],"bolus":[112],"three-step":[115],"continuous":[116],"infusion.":[117,184],"minutes":[119],"into":[120,172],"period":[123,130,175],"115":[125,178],"min":[126,143,171,179],"after":[127,180],"was":[131],"terminated,":[132],"subjects":[133],"immersed":[134],"their":[135],"forearms":[136],"ice":[138],"cold":[139],"water":[140],"for":[141,223],"3":[142],"while":[144],"behavioral":[147],"assessments":[148],"recorded.":[150],"RESULTS:":[151],"Thiopental":[152,194],"highest":[155],"dose":[156],"significant":[159],"reduction":[160],"(P":[161],"<":[162],"0.05)":[163],"self-reported":[165],"intensity":[167,188],"both":[168],"5":[170],"termination":[181],"Fentanyl":[185],"reduced":[186],"during":[189],"first":[191],"immersion":[192],"only.":[193],"changed":[195],"subjects'":[196],"moods":[197],"psychomotor":[199],"performance":[200],"dose-related":[203],"fashion.":[204],"CONCLUSIONS:":[205],"Our":[206],"laboratory":[207],"results":[208],"do":[209],"not":[210],"support":[211],"long-held":[213],"belief":[214],"that":[215],"are":[217],"\"antanalgesic\"":[218],"hyperalgesic,":[220],"least":[222],"pain.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}