{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2017737272","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb08362.x","title":"Iron\u2010Melanin Complex in Substantia Nigra of Parkinsonian Brains: An X\u2010Ray Microanalysis","display_name":"Iron\u2010Melanin Complex in Substantia Nigra of Parkinsonian Brains: An X\u2010Ray Microanalysis","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2017737272","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb08362.x","mag":"2017737272","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1494904"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb08362.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb08362.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb08362.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S135837084","display_name":"Journal of Neurochemistry","issn_l":"0022-3042","issn":["0022-3042","1471-4159"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Neurochemistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042083351","display_name":"K. A. Jellinger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9641-7649","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9641-7649"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116948","display_name":"Ludwig Boltzmann f\u00fcr Klinische Neurobiologie","ror":"https://ror.org/02ekkcr74","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799334681","https://openalex.org/I4210116948"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"K. Jellinger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, Lainz-Hospital, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, Lainz-Hospital, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111899529","display_name":"Elisabeth Kienzl","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elisabeth Kienzl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, Lainz-Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, Lainz-Hospital","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048389313","display_name":"G. Rumpelmair","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145847075","display_name":"TU Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/04d836q62","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Rumpelmair","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Applied Botanics, Technical Microscopy, and Organic Raw Metals, Technical University, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Applied Botanics, Technical Microscopy, and Organic Raw Metals, Technical University, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069476421","display_name":"Peter Franz Riederer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3453-6335","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3453-6335"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25974101","display_name":"University of W\u00fcrzburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00fbnyb24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Riederer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Clinical Neurochemistry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Wu\u0308rzburg, Wu\u0308rzburg, F.R.G"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Clinical Neurochemistry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Wu\u0308rzburg, Wu\u0308rzburg, F.R.G","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033695425","display_name":"H. Stachelberger","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145847075","display_name":"TU Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/04d836q62","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Stachelberger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Applied Botanics, Technical Microscopy, and Organic Raw Metals, Technical University, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Applied Botanics, Technical Microscopy, and Organic Raw Metals, Technical University, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071870538","display_name":"Dorit Ben\u2010Shachar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2317-1489","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2317-1489"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174306211","display_name":"Technion \u2013 Israel Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03qryx823","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dorit Ben\u2010Shachar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053858269","display_name":"Moussa B. H. Youdim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1361-3872","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1361-3872"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174306211","display_name":"Technion \u2013 Israel Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03qryx823","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. B. H. Youdim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042083351"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116948"],"apc_list":{"value":5330,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5330},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.4838,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":313,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99263886,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"3","first_page":"1168","last_page":"1171"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10085","display_name":"Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10085","display_name":"Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13481","display_name":"Neurological diseases and metabolism","score":0.004600000102072954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10915","display_name":"Trace Elements in Health","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromelanin","display_name":"neuromelanin","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/substantia-nigra-pars-compacta","display_name":"substantia nigra pars compacta","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parkinson-s-disease","display_name":"Parkinson's disease","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lewy-bodies","display_name":"Lewy bodies","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dopaminergic-neuron-degeneration","display_name":"dopaminergic neuron loss","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iron-speciation","display_name":"iron speciation","score":0.5590000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iron-iii-binding","display_name":"iron(III) binding","score":0.5139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alzheimer-s-disease","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trace-element-distribution","display_name":"trace element distribution","score":0.628000020980835}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43310041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1981297","display_name":"Neuromelanin","level":5,"score":0.9886767864227295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780938664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753278","display_name":"Substantia nigra","level":4,"score":0.9112200736999512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107538193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187526","display_name":"Melanin","level":2,"score":0.838363766670227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776773494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3366041","display_name":"Pars compacta","level":5,"score":0.6243838667869568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137183658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461076","display_name":"Dopaminergic","level":3,"score":0.6175117492675781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777831001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1981429","display_name":"Neuropil","level":3,"score":0.6111759543418884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5763521790504456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513476851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170304","display_name":"Dopamine","level":2,"score":0.46892696619033813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776925932","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755122","display_name":"Neurodegeneration","level":3,"score":0.45733174681663513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779734285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11085","display_name":"Parkinson's disease","level":3,"score":0.42845994234085083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.39645102620124817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12554922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100","display_name":"Biophysics","level":1,"score":0.38088667392730713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.33902424573898315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.25542035698890686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.24628382921218872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.1955036222934723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.11196646094322205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0642649233341217}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003594","descriptor_name":"Cytoplasmic Granules","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003594","descriptor_name":"Cytoplasmic Granules","qualifier_ui":"Q000648","qualifier_name":"ultrastructure","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004577","descriptor_name":"Electron Probe Microanalysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007501","descriptor_name":"Iron","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008543","descriptor_name":"Melanins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010302","descriptor_name":"Parkinson Disease, Secondary","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010302","descriptor_name":"Parkinson Disease, Secondary","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013378","descriptor_name":"Substantia Nigra","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013378","descriptor_name":"Substantia Nigra","qualifier_ui":"Q000648","qualifier_name":"ultrastructure","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb08362.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb08362.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb08362.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S135837084","display_name":"Journal of Neurochemistry","issn_l":"0022-3042","issn":["0022-3042","1471-4159"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Neurochemistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:1494904","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1494904","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of neurochemistry","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8371999859809875,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W60879637","https://openalex.org/W655832499","https://openalex.org/W1569053553","https://openalex.org/W1979243660","https://openalex.org/W1985358525","https://openalex.org/W1985613988","https://openalex.org/W1986318523","https://openalex.org/W1989277130","https://openalex.org/W2005754114","https://openalex.org/W2012907161","https://openalex.org/W2018080238","https://openalex.org/W2030187260","https://openalex.org/W2033317847","https://openalex.org/W2054421268","https://openalex.org/W2060181203","https://openalex.org/W2064996887","https://openalex.org/W2078376971","https://openalex.org/W2083944989","https://openalex.org/W2089518139","https://openalex.org/W2090187118","https://openalex.org/W2108517583","https://openalex.org/W2112333790","https://openalex.org/W2123913108","https://openalex.org/W2156840897","https://openalex.org/W2171047055","https://openalex.org/W2405603427"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1999921449","https://openalex.org/W2009669217","https://openalex.org/W1973385523","https://openalex.org/W1977430596","https://openalex.org/W1996275043","https://openalex.org/W2005754114","https://openalex.org/W91048787","https://openalex.org/W2012517808","https://openalex.org/W2100919899","https://openalex.org/W2412292374"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Using":[0],"energy-dispersive":[1],"x-ray":[2],"analysis":[3],"on":[4],"an":[5,187],"electron":[6,13],"microscope":[7],"working":[8],"in":[9,29,56,62,87,103,136,143,147,152,155,158,161,177,181,195],"the":[10,23,33,100,144,171,184],"scanning":[11],"transmission":[12],"microscopy":[14],"mode":[15],"equipped":[16],"with":[17,48,69,99,165],"a":[18,80,104,111,174],"microanalysis":[19],"system,":[20],"we":[21],"studied":[22],"subcellular":[24],"distribution":[25],"of":[26,32,39,42,53,59,79,93,96,106,139],"trace":[27],"elements":[28],"neuromelanin-containing":[30],"neurons":[31,141,157,180],"substantia":[34],"nigra":[35],"zona":[36],"compacta":[37],"(SNZC)":[38],"three":[40,54],"cases":[41],"idiopathic":[43],"Parkinson's":[44],"disease":[45,50],"(PD)":[46],"[one":[47],"Alzheimer's":[49],"(AD)]":[51],"and":[52,61,142,150,160,197],"controls,":[55,151],"Lewy":[57,153],"bodies":[58,154],"SNZC,":[60],"synthetic":[63,81,112,162],"dopamine-melanin":[64,163],"chemically":[65],"charged":[66],"or":[67],"uncharged":[68,164],"Fe.":[70],"Weak":[71],"but":[72],"significant":[73],"Fe":[74,133],"peaks":[75],"similar":[76],"to":[77,192],"those":[78],"melanin-Fe3+":[82],"complex":[83,114,176],"were":[84],"seen":[85,135],"only":[86],"intraneuronal":[88],"highly":[89],"electron-dense":[90],"neuromelanin":[91,122],"granules":[92],"SNZC":[94,140,156,179],"cells":[95],"PD":[97,107,149,196,198],"brains,":[98],"highest":[101],"levels":[102],"case":[105],"plus":[108,199],"AD,":[109],"whereas":[110],"melanin-Fe2+":[113],"showed":[115],"much":[116],"lower":[117],"iron":[118],"peaks,":[119],"indicating":[120],"that":[121,186],"has":[123],"higher":[124],"affinity":[125],"for":[126,129,170],"Fe3+":[127],"than":[128],"Fe2+.":[130],"No":[131],"detectable":[132],"was":[134],"nonmelanized":[137],"cytoplasm":[138],"adjacent":[145],"neuropil":[146],"both":[148],"PD,":[159,182],"iron.":[166],"These":[167],"findings,":[168],"demonstrating":[169],"first":[172],"time":[173],"neuromelanin-iron":[175],"dopaminergic":[178,193],"support":[183],"assumption":[185],"iron-melanin":[188],"interaction":[189],"contributes":[190],"significantly":[191],"neurodegeneration":[194],"AD.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}