{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2017705694","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00646467","title":"The observational discrimination of Friedmann-Lema\ufffdtre models","display_name":"The observational discrimination of Friedmann-Lema\ufffdtre models","publication_year":1988,"publication_date":"1988-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2017705694","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00646467","mag":"2017705694"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf00646467","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00646467","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00646467","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S121986758","display_name":"Astrophysics and Space Science","issn_l":"0004-640X","issn":["0004-640X","1572-946X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Astrophysics and Space Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Y. Chu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","display_name":"University of Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y. Chu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut f\u00fcr Astrophysik der Universit\u00e4t Bonn, Bonn 1, F.R.G"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Astrophysik der Universit\u00e4t Bonn, Bonn 1, F.R.G","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077433421","display_name":"Josef Hoell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","display_name":"University of Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Hoell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut f\u00fcr Astrophysik der Universit\u00e4t Bonn, Bonn 1, F.R.G"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Astrophysik der Universit\u00e4t Bonn, Bonn 1, F.R.G","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113635586","display_name":"Hans\u2010Joachim Blome","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. -J. Blome","raw_affiliation_strings":["DFVLR, K\u00f6ln-Porz, F.R.G"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DFVLR, K\u00f6ln-Porz, F.R.G","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041259329","display_name":"Wolfgang Priester","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","display_name":"University of Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. Priester","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut f\u00fcr Astrophysik der Universit\u00e4t Bonn, Bonn 1, F.R.G"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Astrophysik der Universit\u00e4t Bonn, Bonn 1, F.R.G","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3490,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3490},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4827,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83382539,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"148","issue":"1","first_page":"119","last_page":"130"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10095","display_name":"Cosmology and Gravitation Theories","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10095","display_name":"Cosmology and Gravitation Theories","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10026","display_name":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10039","display_name":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cosmological-constant","display_name":"cosmological constant","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/missing-mass","display_name":"missing mass","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dark-matter","display_name":"dark matter","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/galactic-age","display_name":"galactic age","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inflation-cosmology","display_name":"inflation (cosmology)","score":0.4830000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redshift-evolution","display_name":"redshift evolution","score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observational-cosmology","display_name":"observational cosmology","score":0.46700000762939453}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.9225425720214844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26405456","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338","display_name":"Cosmology","level":2,"score":0.6436113119125366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166861157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59151","display_name":"Cosmological constant","level":2,"score":0.6292009353637695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.5899450182914734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84999194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1","display_name":"Universe","level":2,"score":0.528599739074707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98444146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318","display_name":"Galaxy","level":2,"score":0.5278246998786926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19262093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3036474","display_name":"De Sitter universe","level":3,"score":0.5092624425888062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33024259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76250","display_name":"Redshift","level":3,"score":0.5071794986724854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20154449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1129469","display_name":"Metric expansion of space","level":4,"score":0.5049095749855042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103874350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179916","display_name":"Hubble's law","level":4,"score":0.49639779329299927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.4894227087497711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362","display_name":"Theoretical physics","level":1,"score":0.4293990135192871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125860484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q500699","display_name":"Age of the universe","level":4,"score":0.41678690910339355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172790937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18343","display_name":"Dark energy","level":3,"score":0.3380720019340515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf00646467","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00646467","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00646467","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S121986758","display_name":"Astrophysics and Space Science","issn_l":"0004-640X","issn":["0004-640X","1572-946X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Astrophysics and Space Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308269","display_name":"Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung","ror":"https://ror.org/012kf4317"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W287087384","https://openalex.org/W328188540","https://openalex.org/W1611468019","https://openalex.org/W1965528790","https://openalex.org/W1981117060","https://openalex.org/W1992204683","https://openalex.org/W1997907965","https://openalex.org/W2006676890","https://openalex.org/W2012102669","https://openalex.org/W2014101766","https://openalex.org/W2040682530","https://openalex.org/W2046372072","https://openalex.org/W2052397990","https://openalex.org/W2062901044","https://openalex.org/W2075849215","https://openalex.org/W2080568391","https://openalex.org/W2087769205","https://openalex.org/W2095528728","https://openalex.org/W2095546204","https://openalex.org/W2114743233","https://openalex.org/W2149068166","https://openalex.org/W2343699888","https://openalex.org/W2478820827","https://openalex.org/W2738355630","https://openalex.org/W2885062144","https://openalex.org/W2993234546","https://openalex.org/W2999322852","https://openalex.org/W3020515858","https://openalex.org/W6827527693"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4253297408","https://openalex.org/W2075849215","https://openalex.org/W1971618820","https://openalex.org/W7095830662","https://openalex.org/W1657583481","https://openalex.org/W1666937906","https://openalex.org/W108518687","https://openalex.org/W1659859931","https://openalex.org/W2553276048","https://openalex.org/W1481448261"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-03T13:16:28.481748","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}