{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2017683753","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/clc.4960190321","title":"Clinical evaluation of algorithms for st measurement during exercise test","display_name":"Clinical evaluation of algorithms for st measurement during exercise test","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2017683753","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/clc.4960190321","mag":"2017683753","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8674265"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/clc.4960190321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/clc.4960190321","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/clc.4960190321","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/clc.4960190321","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S82037729","display_name":"Clinical Cardiology","issn_l":"0160-9289","issn":["0160-9289","1932-8737"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical Cardiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/clc.4960190321","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022146773","display_name":"ETTORE PETRUCCI","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ettore Petrucci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cardiology Service, Ospedale Bellini, Somma Lombardo (VA), Italy","Cardiology Service, Ospedale \u201cBellini\u201d, Somma Lombardo (VA)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiology Service, Ospedale Bellini, Somma Lombardo (VA), Italy","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiology Service, Ospedale \u201cBellini\u201d, Somma Lombardo (VA)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070752211","display_name":"Vruyr Balian","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vruyr Balian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cardiology Service, Ospedale \u201cBellini\u201d, Somma Lombardo (VA)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiology Service, Ospedale \u201cBellini\u201d, Somma Lombardo (VA)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044743144","display_name":"Sergio Ghiringhelli","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143796","display_name":"Azienda Ospedaliera Sant\u2019Antonio Abate di Gallarate","ror":"https://ror.org/04wytkh98","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143796"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergio Ghiringhelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cardiology Service, Ospedale \u201cS.Antonio Abate\u201d, Gallarate (VA)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiology Service, Ospedale \u201cS.Antonio Abate\u201d, Gallarate (VA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143796"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066168605","display_name":"Luca Tommaso Mainardi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6276-6314","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6276-6314"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luca T. Mainardi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnic University, Milano"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnic University, Milano","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087565685","display_name":"M. Bertinelli","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maurizio Bertinelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Remco Italia Cardioline, Milano, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remco Italia Cardioline, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022146773"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3810,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3810},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2893,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61321817,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"3","first_page":"248","last_page":"252"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10217","display_name":"Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exercise-electrocardiography","display_name":"exercise electrocardiography","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm-accuracy","display_name":"algorithm accuracy","score":0.5740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observer-agreement","display_name":"observer agreement","score":0.5619999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exercise-testing","display_name":"exercise testing","score":0.3619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"signal-to-noise ratio","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecg-noise","display_name":"ECG noise","score":0.31200000643730164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9424754977226257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.561526894569397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993388814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7608036","display_name":"Step test","level":3,"score":0.4474574625492096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4388082027435303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.32310307025909424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2820209860801697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018023364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425265","display_name":"Significant difference","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002309","descriptor_name":"Cardiology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005069","descriptor_name":"Evaluation Studies as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005080","descriptor_name":"Exercise Test","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007256","descriptor_name":"Information Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008838","descriptor_name":"Microcomputers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012986","descriptor_name":"Software Validation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015588","descriptor_name":"Observer Variation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015982","descriptor_name":"Bias","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016014","descriptor_name":"Linear Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016037","descriptor_name":"Single-Blind Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016477","descriptor_name":"Artifacts","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/clc.4960190321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/clc.4960190321","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/clc.4960190321","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/clc.4960190321","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S82037729","display_name":"Clinical Cardiology","issn_l":"0160-9289","issn":["0160-9289","1932-8737"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical Cardiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:8674265","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8674265","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical cardiology","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"},{"id":"pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/665208","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11311/665208","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400312","display_name":"Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","host_organization_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/clc.4960190321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/clc.4960190321","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/clc.4960190321","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/clc.4960190321","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S82037729","display_name":"Clinical Cardiology","issn_l":"0160-9289","issn":["0160-9289","1932-8737"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical Cardiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8371999859809875,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2017683753.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2017683753.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W86899380","https://openalex.org/W1536646793","https://openalex.org/W1887613017","https://openalex.org/W1988378121","https://openalex.org/W1989557780","https://openalex.org/W1998452958","https://openalex.org/W2001267723","https://openalex.org/W2007796543","https://openalex.org/W2009814160","https://openalex.org/W2021002911","https://openalex.org/W2030152897","https://openalex.org/W2031364281","https://openalex.org/W2035537267","https://openalex.org/W2072077044","https://openalex.org/W2078257004","https://openalex.org/W2101793543","https://openalex.org/W2111497728","https://openalex.org/W2150648256","https://openalex.org/W2152015193","https://openalex.org/W2160269026","https://openalex.org/W2234991562","https://openalex.org/W2240511663"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2079843239","https://openalex.org/W2081854858","https://openalex.org/W1964417235","https://openalex.org/W2417550568","https://openalex.org/W2139275803","https://openalex.org/W2035537267","https://openalex.org/W2049982952","https://openalex.org/W2159465923","https://openalex.org/W2119061770","https://openalex.org/W1964026915"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"HYPOTHESIS:":[0],"Computer":[1],"processing":[2],"of":[3,14,40,51,62,95,115,130,137,170,176,267,283,301],"the":[4,12,15,60,70,75,91,113,138,203,228,268],"exercise":[5,66,92,256,294],"electrocardiogram":[6],"(ECG)":[7],"has":[8],"many":[9],"advantages,":[10],"but":[11],"reliability":[13],"analysis":[16,285],"algorithms":[17,239],"is":[18,35],"not":[19,163,262],"easily":[20],"evaluable.":[21],"No":[22],"standard":[23],"annotated":[24,309],"database,":[25,296],"nor":[26],"recommended":[27],"practice":[28],"for":[29,143,217,310],"testing":[30],"and":[31,119,133,150,191,208,227],"reporting":[32],"performance":[33,38],"results":[34,241],"available:":[36],"thus,":[37],"evaluation":[39],"such":[41],"devices":[42],"can":[43],"be":[44,287],"accomplished":[45],"only":[46,289],"by":[47,78,109,188,196,206,247,290],"using":[48,291],"a":[49,116,168,292],"set":[50],"unannotated":[52],"recordings,":[53],"obtained":[54,77],"in":[55,250,297],"clinical":[56],"practice.":[57],"We":[58],"evaluated":[59],"accuracy":[61],"an":[63],"original":[64],"microcomputer-based":[65],"test":[67,93,295],"analyzer":[68],"comparing":[69],"ST":[71,99,252,311],"computer":[72,122,161,207,265],"output":[73],"with":[74,121],"measurements":[76,204,210,274],"two":[79,110],"experienced":[80],"cardiologists.":[81],"METHODS:":[82],"Six":[83],"hundred":[84],"ECG":[85,173],"strips":[86,174],"were":[87,141,185,194],"randomly":[88],"selected":[89],"from":[90],"recordings":[94,307],"60":[96],"patients.":[97],"The":[98,160],"shift":[100],"(at":[101],"J":[102],"+":[103],"80":[104],"ms)":[105],"was":[106,211,225,231],"blindly":[107],"assessed":[108,288],"observers":[111,190],"(with":[112],"aid":[114],"calibrated":[117],"lens)":[118],"compared":[120],"measurements.":[123],"Correlation":[124,201],"coefficients,":[125],"linear":[126],"regression":[127],"equations,":[128],"percent":[129],"discrepant":[131],"measurements,":[132],"95%":[134],"confidence":[135],"limits":[136],"mean":[139,229],"error":[140],"calculated":[142],"all":[144,218],"leads,":[145,147,149],"peripheral":[146],"precordial":[148],"\"stress-test\"":[151],"leads":[152],"(II,":[153],"III,":[154],"aVF,":[155],"V4,":[156],"V5,":[157],"V6).":[158],"RESULTS:":[159],"did":[162,261],"analyze":[164],"five":[165],"samples":[166],"on":[167,276,305],"total":[169],"600":[171],"(0.83%)":[172],"because":[175],"excessive":[177],"noise":[178,302],"or":[179],"signal":[180],"loss,":[181],"while":[182],"51":[183],"(8.5%)":[184],"considered":[186],"unreadable":[187],"both":[189],"67":[192],"(11.2%)":[193],"rejected":[195],"at":[197],"least":[198],"one":[199],"observer.":[200],"between":[202],"taken":[205],"observer(s)":[209],"statistically":[212],"significant":[213],"(p":[214],"<":[215],"0.001":[216],"lead":[219],"groups),":[220],"no":[221],"systematic":[222],"measurement":[223],"bias":[224],"found,":[226],"difference":[230],"lower":[232],"than":[233],"human":[234],"eye":[235],"resolution.":[236],"CONCLUSIONS:":[237],"Our":[238],"provide":[240],"as":[242,244],"good":[243],"those":[245],"provided":[246],"trained":[248],"cardiologists":[249],"measuring":[251],"changes":[253],"occurring":[254],"during":[255],"test.":[257],"However,":[258],"this":[259],"study":[260],"evaluate":[263],"whether":[264],"improvement":[266],"signal-to-noise":[269],"ratio":[270],"would":[271],"allow":[272],"accurate":[273],"even":[275],"cardiologists'":[277],"uninterpretable":[278],"ECG.":[279],"This":[280],"potential":[281],"advantage":[282],"computer-assisted":[284],"could":[286],"dedicated":[293],"which":[298],"different":[299],"patterns":[300],"are":[303],"superimposed":[304],"noise-free":[306],"previously":[308],"level.":[312]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}