{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2017653403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2095705","title":"The Victims of Homicide: A Temporal and Cross-National Comparison","display_name":"The Victims of Homicide: A Temporal and Cross-National Comparison","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2017653403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2095705","mag":"2017653403"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/2095705","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2095705","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2095705","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157620343","display_name":"American Sociological Review","issn_l":"0003-1224","issn":["0003-1224","1939-8271"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-1","ft50","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Sociological Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018198263","display_name":"Rosemary Gartner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rosemary Gartner","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018198263"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3900},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":28.0677,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":381,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99460751,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"55","issue":"1","first_page":"92","last_page":"92"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13605","display_name":"Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse","score":0.8051999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13605","display_name":"Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse","score":0.8051999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.1868000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12265","display_name":"Gun Ownership and Violence Research","score":0.002099999925121665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homicide-rates","display_name":"homicide rates","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/victimization","display_name":"victimization","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-differences","display_name":"age differences","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-national-comparison","display_name":"cross-national comparison","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temporal-variation","display_name":"temporal variation","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/absolute-deprivation","display_name":"absolute deprivation","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developed-countries","display_name":"developed countries","score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/victim-risk-factors","display_name":"victim risk factors","score":0.5009999871253967}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C525541732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149086","display_name":"Homicide","level":4,"score":0.8142633438110352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.5629739761352539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.44833239912986755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.26531219482421875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166735990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1750812","display_name":"Human factors and ergonomics","level":3,"score":0.2423672378063202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.19154393672943115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1331745982170105}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/2095705","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2095705","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2095705","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157620343","display_name":"American Sociological Review","issn_l":"0003-1224","issn":["0003-1224","1939-8271"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-1","ft50","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Sociological Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9200000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.6700000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W602982133","https://openalex.org/W1532982855","https://openalex.org/W1533900552","https://openalex.org/W1574700033","https://openalex.org/W1582318898","https://openalex.org/W1970277244","https://openalex.org/W1988388270","https://openalex.org/W2000571841","https://openalex.org/W2000717523","https://openalex.org/W2029355702","https://openalex.org/W2040040323","https://openalex.org/W2047665426","https://openalex.org/W2050771246","https://openalex.org/W2051821701","https://openalex.org/W2068105640","https://openalex.org/W2082958872","https://openalex.org/W2087913405","https://openalex.org/W2088047416","https://openalex.org/W2089033907","https://openalex.org/W2121206876","https://openalex.org/W2132511337","https://openalex.org/W2154561177","https://openalex.org/W2169808251","https://openalex.org/W2319178948","https://openalex.org/W2477306253","https://openalex.org/W2795976320","https://openalex.org/W2797338014","https://openalex.org/W2798289223","https://openalex.org/W2799733600","https://openalex.org/W3164549185"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2916026843","https://openalex.org/W2065461504","https://openalex.org/W2006110837","https://openalex.org/W2059490295","https://openalex.org/W2093300453","https://openalex.org/W2114355318","https://openalex.org/W1556793432","https://openalex.org/W1608530333","https://openalex.org/W2599577998","https://openalex.org/W2329421263"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"develops":[2],"and":[3,9,17,36,52,66],"tests":[4],"a":[5],"model":[6],"of":[7,68,90],"cross-national":[8],"temporal":[10],"variation":[11],"in":[12,43,56],"homicide":[13,41,54],"rates":[14,42,55],"using":[15],"sex-":[16,51],"age-specific":[18,53],"victimization":[19],"data":[20],"from":[21],"18":[22],"developed":[23],"nations":[24],"for":[25],"the":[26,34,44,86,91],"years":[27],"1950-1980.":[28],"The":[30],"results":[31],"indicate":[32],"that":[33,39,83],"structural":[35],"cultural":[37],"factors":[38,61],"explain":[40],"United":[45],"States":[46],"are":[47,71],"also":[48],"associated":[49,72],"with":[50,73],"other":[57],"countries.":[58],"Some":[60],"such":[62],"as":[63],"absolute":[64],"deprivation":[65],"extent":[67],"official":[69],"violence":[70],"higher":[74],"risks":[75],"across":[76],"victim":[77],"types.":[78],"Others":[80],"have":[81],"effects":[82],"vary":[84],"by":[85],"sex":[87],"or":[88],"age":[89],"victim.":[92],"(EXCERPT)":[94]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}