{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2017635299","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2753/csa2162-0555450301","title":"Trends in Educational Attainment in China","display_name":"Trends in Educational Attainment in China","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2017635299","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2753/csa2162-0555450301","mag":"2017635299"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2753/csa2162-0555450301","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2753/csa2162-0555450301","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2753/csa2162-0555450301","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764722375","display_name":"Chinese Sociological Review","issn_l":"2162-0555","issn":["2162-0555","2162-0563"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Chinese Sociological Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024150741","display_name":"Donald J. Treiman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9900-595X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9900-595X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Donald J. Treiman","raw_affiliation_strings":["a California Center for Population Research, UCLA","California Center for Population Research, UCLA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"a California Center for Population Research, UCLA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"California Center for Population Research, UCLA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024150741"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":19.5869,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":109,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98989504,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"45","issue":"3","first_page":"3","last_page":"25"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12088","display_name":"Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies","score":0.8442000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12088","display_name":"Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies","score":0.8442000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12728","display_name":"Demographic Trends and Gender Preferences","score":0.05559999868273735,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13570","display_name":"Historical Education Studies Worldwide","score":0.01899999938905239,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-attainment","display_name":"educational attainment","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-expansion","display_name":"educational expansion","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.4819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/great-leap-forward","display_name":"Great Leap Forward","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-revolution","display_name":"Cultural Revolution","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-gap-in-education","display_name":"gender gap in education","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-education","display_name":"women's education","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-education","display_name":"primary education","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/20th-century","display_name":"20th century","score":0.6840000152587891}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779297142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3276412","display_name":"Educational attainment","level":2,"score":0.7565470933914185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.7532945871353149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992023379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8690","display_name":"Cultural revolution","level":3,"score":0.7108112573623657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161051502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193162","display_name":"Matriculation","level":2,"score":0.7046952247619629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.5499807596206665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5455954670906067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986619947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30103150","display_name":"Gender gap","level":2,"score":0.41398191452026367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.4063003361225128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3799884617328644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.33795464038848877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.33776432275772095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.2642061114311218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.15522810816764832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2753/csa2162-0555450301","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2753/csa2162-0555450301","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2753/csa2162-0555450301","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764722375","display_name":"Chinese Sociological Review","issn_l":"2162-0555","issn":["2162-0555","2162-0563"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Chinese Sociological Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.8278999924659729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7578999996185303,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.7099999785423279,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W177459601","https://openalex.org/W400334766","https://openalex.org/W581213747","https://openalex.org/W1408879171","https://openalex.org/W1489138642","https://openalex.org/W1542315469","https://openalex.org/W1564664132","https://openalex.org/W1578876197","https://openalex.org/W1607540538","https://openalex.org/W1981825137","https://openalex.org/W1983205674","https://openalex.org/W1995686618","https://openalex.org/W1997338428","https://openalex.org/W2010254633","https://openalex.org/W2020684894","https://openalex.org/W2021003333","https://openalex.org/W2027469352","https://openalex.org/W2052849299","https://openalex.org/W2053811291","https://openalex.org/W2054577559","https://openalex.org/W2078703584","https://openalex.org/W2081404383","https://openalex.org/W2081885365","https://openalex.org/W2097118026","https://openalex.org/W2111849696","https://openalex.org/W2117681417","https://openalex.org/W2122494796","https://openalex.org/W2123154495","https://openalex.org/W2135743458","https://openalex.org/W2167771414","https://openalex.org/W2171829479","https://openalex.org/W2183973357","https://openalex.org/W2283737204","https://openalex.org/W2315799549","https://openalex.org/W2327173933","https://openalex.org/W2334501673","https://openalex.org/W2767557085","https://openalex.org/W2798007369","https://openalex.org/W3123221067","https://openalex.org/W4291238389"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2110725509","https://openalex.org/W2919313737","https://openalex.org/W47567439","https://openalex.org/W4389618773","https://openalex.org/W4389742780","https://openalex.org/W3037209932","https://openalex.org/W2347454498","https://openalex.org/W1993924777","https://openalex.org/W2132034899","https://openalex.org/W4245947345"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Trends":[0],"in":[1,4,27,62,85],"educational":[2,28,63],"attainment":[3,29],"China":[5],"over":[6,30],"the":[7,16,47,57,76,99,102,110,113],"twentieth":[8],"century":[9,103],"are":[10],"studied":[11],"using":[12],"data":[13],"from":[14,34,94],"all":[15],"Chinese":[17],"censuses":[18],"conducted":[19],"since":[20],"1982.":[21],"There":[22],"was":[23,52,67,72],"a":[24,35,86],"marked":[25],"increase":[26],"time,":[31],"with":[32],"deviations":[33],"smooth":[36],"upward":[37,70],"trend":[38,71],"only":[39],"among":[40],"those":[41],"who":[42],"came":[43],"of":[44,78,101,112,123],"age":[45],"during":[46],"Great":[48],"Leap":[49],"Forward,":[50],"which":[51,60],"detrimental":[53],"to":[54,104],"education,":[55,83],"and":[56,80],"Cultural":[58],"Revolution,":[59],"resulted":[61],"expansion":[64,77],"that":[65],"subsequently":[66],"dismantled.":[68],"The":[69,115],"mainly":[73],"fueled":[74],"by":[75,109],"primary":[79,107],"lower":[81],"middle":[82],"resulting":[84],"nearly":[87,105],"complete":[88],"gender":[89,116],"convergence,":[90],"as":[91],"women":[92],"went":[93],"virtually":[95],"no":[96],"schooling":[97],"at":[98,120],"beginning":[100],"universal":[106],"matriculation":[108],"end":[111],"century.":[114],"gap":[117],"also":[118],"closed":[119],"higher":[121],"levels":[122],"schooling.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}