{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2017603970","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1006/exer.2000.0951","title":"Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in the Human Lens, the First Enzyme in the Synthesis of UV Filters","display_name":"Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in the Human Lens, the First Enzyme in the Synthesis of UV Filters","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2017603970","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1006/exer.2000.0951","mag":"2017603970","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11180976"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1006/exer.2000.0951","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1006/exer.2000.0951","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1006/exer.2000.0951","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129637156","display_name":"Experimental Eye Research","issn_l":"0014-4835","issn":["0014-4835","1096-0007"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Experimental Eye Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022233013","display_name":"Osamu Takikawa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204824540","display_name":"University of Wollongong","ror":"https://ror.org/00jtmb277","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Osamu Takikawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Australian Cataract Research Foundation, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. takikawa@uow.edu.au","Australian Cataract Research Foundation, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Australian Cataract Research Foundation, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. takikawa@uow.edu.au","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Australian Cataract Research Foundation, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109140783","display_name":"Tamantha K. Littlejohn","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204824540","display_name":"University of Wollongong","ror":"https://ror.org/00jtmb277","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tamantha K Littlejohn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Australian Cataract Research Foundation, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Australian Cataract Research Foundation, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110058663","display_name":"Roger J.W. Truscott","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204824540","display_name":"University of Wollongong","ror":"https://ror.org/00jtmb277","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roger J.W Truscott","raw_affiliation_strings":["Australian Cataract Research Foundation, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Australian Cataract Research Foundation, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"],"apc_list":{"value":4010,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4010},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7888,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80701754,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"3","first_page":"271","last_page":"277"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11337","display_name":"Tryptophan and brain disorders","score":0.12349999696016312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2803","display_name":"Biological Psychiatry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11337","display_name":"Tryptophan and brain disorders","score":0.12349999696016312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2803","display_name":"Biological Psychiatry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11480","display_name":"Connexins and lens biology","score":0.10580000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11144","display_name":"melanin and skin pigmentation","score":0.10209999978542328,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indoleamine-2-3-dioxygenase","display_name":"indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-lens","display_name":"human lens","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tryptophan-metabolism","display_name":"tryptophan metabolism","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kynurenine","display_name":"kynurenine","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lens-yellowing","display_name":"lens yellowing","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lens-aging","display_name":"lens aging","score":0.6100000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enzyme-localization","display_name":"enzyme localization","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iris-ciliary-body","display_name":"iris-ciliary body","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monoclonal-antibody-immunoassay","display_name":"monoclonal antibody assay","score":0.652999997138977}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83478079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908221","display_name":"Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase","level":4,"score":0.8181564807891846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777503454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415768","display_name":"Kynurenine","level":4,"score":0.7315716743469238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779228147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1118402","display_name":"UV filter","level":2,"score":0.6908537149429321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15336307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1766051","display_name":"Lens (geology)","level":2,"score":0.6687926054000854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.5468038320541382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776710720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80417","display_name":"Kynurenine pathway","level":5,"score":0.5246757864952087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28212737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5381543","display_name":"Enzyme assay","level":3,"score":0.4926047921180725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542903549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422248","display_name":"Monoclonal antibody","level":3,"score":0.4655642509460449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.439691424369812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777348757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2346577","display_name":"Cortex (anatomy)","level":2,"score":0.41353753209114075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.36947348713874817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.36610668897628784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776706248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181003","display_name":"Tryptophan","level":3,"score":0.3332558870315552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153911025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202","display_name":"Molecular biology","level":1,"score":0.3245679438114166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.2514566481113434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.22541728615760803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.1260955035686493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C515207424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8066","display_name":"Amino acid","level":2,"score":0.07800057530403137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000911","descriptor_name":"Antibodies, Monoclonal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002851","descriptor_name":"Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003124","descriptor_name":"Colorimetry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004591","descriptor_name":"Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005374","descriptor_name":"Filtration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007737","descriptor_name":"Kynurenine","qualifier_ui":"Q000096","qualifier_name":"biosynthesis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007908","descriptor_name":"Lens, Crystalline","qualifier_ui":"Q000201","qualifier_name":"enzymology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014366","descriptor_name":"Tryptophan Oxygenase","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014466","descriptor_name":"Ultraviolet Rays","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015153","descriptor_name":"Blotting, Western","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D050503","descriptor_name":"Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1006/exer.2000.0951","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1006/exer.2000.0951","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1006/exer.2000.0951","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129637156","display_name":"Experimental Eye Research","issn_l":"0014-4835","issn":["0014-4835","1096-0007"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Experimental Eye Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:11180976","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11180976","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Experimental eye research","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320907","display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/00097mb19"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334705","display_name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/011kf5r70"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334737","display_name":"National Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04x3cxs03"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W27498870","https://openalex.org/W199114747","https://openalex.org/W1231151993","https://openalex.org/W1501080875","https://openalex.org/W1505072916","https://openalex.org/W1597339327","https://openalex.org/W1605075022","https://openalex.org/W1807700181","https://openalex.org/W1920018418","https://openalex.org/W1936380547","https://openalex.org/W1967372919","https://openalex.org/W1967513516","https://openalex.org/W1969185047","https://openalex.org/W1971284982","https://openalex.org/W1975223648","https://openalex.org/W1975980571","https://openalex.org/W1983052331","https://openalex.org/W1984870526","https://openalex.org/W1991310329","https://openalex.org/W1992517022","https://openalex.org/W1999921913","https://openalex.org/W2015247226","https://openalex.org/W2019096786","https://openalex.org/W2026368547","https://openalex.org/W2031557022","https://openalex.org/W2035817557","https://openalex.org/W2050438710","https://openalex.org/W2053181909","https://openalex.org/W2054720022","https://openalex.org/W2060331962","https://openalex.org/W2066303560","https://openalex.org/W2073848785","https://openalex.org/W2077034296","https://openalex.org/W2077618494","https://openalex.org/W2081624154","https://openalex.org/W2100837269","https://openalex.org/W2101108802","https://openalex.org/W2144273071","https://openalex.org/W2153796169","https://openalex.org/W6601143819"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W76639247","https://openalex.org/W1232474112","https://openalex.org/W2077618494","https://openalex.org/W2055338883","https://openalex.org/W2055408964","https://openalex.org/W2107530732","https://openalex.org/W1501080875","https://openalex.org/W2025101459","https://openalex.org/W2565924840","https://openalex.org/W2099988396"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}