{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2017584544","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1183226","title":"Polarization-Induced Hole Doping in Wide\u2013Band-Gap Uniaxial Semiconductor Heterostructures","display_name":"Polarization-Induced Hole Doping in Wide\u2013Band-Gap Uniaxial Semiconductor Heterostructures","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-12-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2017584544","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1183226","mag":"2017584544","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20044569"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1126/science.1183226","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1183226","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1183226","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3880285","display_name":"Science","issn_l":"0036-8075","issn":["0036-8075","0193-4511","1095-9203"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W2017584544"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076959287","display_name":"John Simon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2987-3641","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2987-3641"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Simon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, 275 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, 275 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001457653","display_name":"Vladimir V Protasenko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8469-1157","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8469-1157"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vladimir Protasenko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, 275 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, 275 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087983987","display_name":"Chuanxin Lian","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuanxin Lian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, 275 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, 275 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064832078","display_name":"Huili Grace Xing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2709-3839","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2709-3839"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huili Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, 275 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, 275 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105234500","display_name":"Debdeep Jena","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Debdeep Jena","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, 275 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, 275 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5105234500"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.7596,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":844,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99178695,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"327","issue":"5961","first_page":"60","last_page":"64"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10099","display_name":"GaN-based semiconductor devices and materials","score":0.5278000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10099","display_name":"GaN-based semiconductor devices and materials","score":0.5278000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10022","display_name":"Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices","score":0.15139999985694885,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11853","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and interfaces","score":0.06790000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/p-type-doping","display_name":"p-type doping","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wide-bandgap-semiconductors","display_name":"wide bandgap semiconductors","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-ionization","display_name":"field ionization","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acceptor-dopants","display_name":"acceptor dopants","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uv-led","display_name":"ultraviolet light-emitting diodes","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-ultraviolet-optoelectronics","display_name":"deep ultraviolet optoelectronics","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bipolar-devices","display_name":"bipolar devices","score":0.6629999876022339}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7771914005279541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57863236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130571","display_name":"Doping","level":2,"score":0.7717522382736206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.709678590297699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191952053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15119237","display_name":"Dopant","level":3,"score":0.6619181632995605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79794668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1616270","display_name":"Heterojunction","level":2,"score":0.6370453238487244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108225325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11456","display_name":"Semiconductor","level":2,"score":0.5558948516845703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779892579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912138","display_name":"Acceptor","level":2,"score":0.5492886304855347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78434282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11656","display_name":"Diode","level":2,"score":0.5017886161804199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181966813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q806352","display_name":"Band gap","level":2,"score":0.47522857785224915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176666156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25504","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","level":2,"score":0.4479927718639374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205049153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2698605","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.41415220499038696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.27485936880111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.10730689764022827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.05701330304145813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1126/science.1183226","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1183226","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1183226","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3880285","display_name":"Science","issn_l":"0036-8075","issn":["0036-8075","0193-4511","1095-9203"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:20044569","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20044569","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science (New York, N.Y.)","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W37018389","https://openalex.org/W1639248395","https://openalex.org/W1994684381","https://openalex.org/W1996041743","https://openalex.org/W2015930517","https://openalex.org/W2035505544","https://openalex.org/W2039677766","https://openalex.org/W2043341896","https://openalex.org/W2052126040","https://openalex.org/W2060071398","https://openalex.org/W2063233334","https://openalex.org/W2080801313","https://openalex.org/W2092990747","https://openalex.org/W2127628584","https://openalex.org/W2135780270","https://openalex.org/W2139201442","https://openalex.org/W2140830577","https://openalex.org/W2485705130"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1587882109","https://openalex.org/W2397427572","https://openalex.org/W3159544340","https://openalex.org/W2510299413","https://openalex.org/W7005195625","https://openalex.org/W4392597804","https://openalex.org/W2801569641","https://openalex.org/W2054060080","https://openalex.org/W2949470138","https://openalex.org/W7203645254"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Impurity-based":[0],"p-type":[1,30,66],"doping":[2,31,71,85,95],"in":[3,41,65,74,79,97],"wide-band-gap":[4,98,114],"semiconductors":[5,99],"is":[6],"inefficient":[7],"at":[8],"room":[9],"temperature":[10],"for":[11,105],"applications":[12],"such":[13],"as":[14],"lasers":[15],"because":[16],"the":[17,37,47,106,119],"positive-charge":[18],"carriers":[19],"(holes)":[20],"have":[21],"a":[22],"large":[23],"thermal":[24,57],"activation":[25],"energy.":[26],"We":[27],"demonstrate":[28],"high-efficiency":[29],"by":[32],"ionizing":[33],"acceptor":[34],"dopants":[35],"using":[36],"built-in":[38],"electronic":[39,116],"polarization":[40],"bulk":[42],"uniaxial":[43],"semiconductor":[44],"crystals.":[45],"Because":[46],"mobile":[48],"hole":[49],"gases":[50],"are":[51,54],"field-ionized,":[52],"they":[53],"robust":[55],"to":[56,62,90],"freezeout":[58],"effects":[59],"and":[60,93,100,113],"lead":[61],"major":[63],"improvements":[64],"electrical":[67],"conductivity.":[68],"The":[69],"new":[70],"technique":[72],"results":[73],"improved":[75],"optical":[76],"emission":[77],"efficiency":[78],"prototype":[80],"ultraviolet":[81],"light-emitting-diode":[82],"structures.":[83],"Polarization-induced":[84],"provides":[86],"an":[87,102],"attractive":[88],"solution":[89],"both":[91],"p-":[92],"n-type":[94],"problems":[96],"offers":[101],"unconventional":[103],"path":[104],"development":[107],"of":[108,118],"solid-state":[109],"deep-ultraviolet":[110],"optoelectronic":[111],"devices":[112,117],"bipolar":[115],"future.":[120]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":55},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":49},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":79},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":61},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":64},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":76},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":65},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":65},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":55},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":50},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":26}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}