{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2017550522","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/95jc02957","title":"Search for proxy indicators of young sea ice thickness","display_name":"Search for proxy indicators of young sea ice thickness","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-03-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2017550522","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/95jc02957","mag":"2017550522"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1029/95jc02957","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/95jc02957","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/95jc02957","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207178839","display_name":"Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres","issn_l":"0148-0227","issn":["0148-0227","2156-2202","2169-897X","2169-8996"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315809","host_organization_name":"American Geophysical Union","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315809"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Geophysical Union"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066958741","display_name":"Ingrid H.H. Zabel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7564-405X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7564-405X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I. H. H. Zabel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017594205","display_name":"Kenneth C. Jezek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0274-9755","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0274-9755"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. C. Jezek","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009712235","display_name":"Sivaprasad Gogineni","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. P. Gogineni","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111979826","display_name":"Pannirselvam Kanagaratnam","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Kanagaratnam","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4070,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4070},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5299,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61274452,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"101","issue":"C3","first_page":"6697","last_page":"6709"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.9829000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.9829000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.008299999870359898,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.0031999999191612005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-backscatter","display_name":"radar backscatter","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-roughness","display_name":"surface roughness","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frost-flowers","display_name":"frost flowers","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric-properties","display_name":"dielectric properties","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volume-scattering","display_name":"volume scattering","score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-scattering","display_name":"surface scattering","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave-remote-sensing","display_name":"microwave remote sensing","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saline-ice","display_name":"saline ice","score":0.5180000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snowfall","display_name":"snowfall","score":0.4490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ice-growth","display_name":"ice growth","score":0.328000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149767477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7440066","display_name":"Sea ice thickness","level":4,"score":0.6583642959594727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136894858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213926","display_name":"Sea ice","level":2,"score":0.6535454988479614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.6213335990905762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.5835952758789062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194520297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7440064","display_name":"Sea ice concentration","level":5,"score":0.5528547167778015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.5439115166664124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107365816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114817","display_name":"Surface roughness","level":2,"score":0.5357711911201477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.49919915199279785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30354325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204667","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","level":3,"score":0.47632724046707153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126603772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7440067","display_name":"Sea ice growth processes","level":5,"score":0.45769745111465454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.38926810026168823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197435368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q493109","display_name":"Cryosphere","level":3,"score":0.35306501388549805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.342357873916626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.33902856707572937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.27472707629203796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.22382190823554993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.19756007194519043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.17557087540626526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10345187783241272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1029/95jc02957","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/95jc02957","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/95jc02957","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207178839","display_name":"Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres","issn_l":"0148-0227","issn":["0148-0227","2156-2202","2169-897X","2169-8996"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315809","host_organization_name":"American Geophysical Union","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315809"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Geophysical Union"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1520607111","https://openalex.org/W1578922617","https://openalex.org/W1589384858","https://openalex.org/W1599481578","https://openalex.org/W1608677044","https://openalex.org/W1654847803","https://openalex.org/W1655928191","https://openalex.org/W1730331799","https://openalex.org/W1971419840","https://openalex.org/W1986181182","https://openalex.org/W2010496661","https://openalex.org/W2011091981","https://openalex.org/W2013641102","https://openalex.org/W2016818289","https://openalex.org/W2017371879","https://openalex.org/W2019442696","https://openalex.org/W2019884571","https://openalex.org/W2028116698","https://openalex.org/W2037988721","https://openalex.org/W2039174316","https://openalex.org/W2040837492","https://openalex.org/W2052898748","https://openalex.org/W2059894528","https://openalex.org/W2064553474","https://openalex.org/W2074147806","https://openalex.org/W2079592737","https://openalex.org/W2092012214","https://openalex.org/W2092048827","https://openalex.org/W2092055157","https://openalex.org/W2096374158","https://openalex.org/W2105016402","https://openalex.org/W2106553150","https://openalex.org/W2136123252","https://openalex.org/W2136502966","https://openalex.org/W2137448730","https://openalex.org/W2140241934","https://openalex.org/W2153028941","https://openalex.org/W2159665979","https://openalex.org/W2161495404","https://openalex.org/W2163698701"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7009706662","https://openalex.org/W2017975941","https://openalex.org/W1663136420","https://openalex.org/W2098074554","https://openalex.org/W2028116698","https://openalex.org/W2108372870","https://openalex.org/W2159665979","https://openalex.org/W1655928191","https://openalex.org/W1649155700","https://openalex.org/W1634077578"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,57],"determination":[1],"of":[2,19,30,50,94,100,182,214,224,238,259,290],"young":[3,101],"sea":[4,34,202],"ice":[5,35,53,55,102,116,150,158,183,195,237,285],"thickness":[6,196,242,258],"from":[7,147],"space":[8],"remains":[9],"an":[10,98],"elusive":[11],"goal":[12],"for":[13,109,142,155,276],"those":[14],"interested":[15],"in":[16,62,69,74,88,112,200,292],"the":[17,20,23,25,31,64,82,92,105,212,257,260,278,288],"interaction":[18],"oceans":[21],"and":[22,27,33,39,46,54,72,104,154,164,168,173,194,217,232,284,294],"atmosphere,":[24],"thermal":[26],"chemical":[28],"state":[29],"ocean,":[32],"dynamics.":[36],"Recent":[37],"experiments":[38],"models":[40],"have":[41],"shown":[42],"relationships":[43],"between":[44,84,280],"active":[45],"passive":[47],"microwave":[48,65],"signatures":[49],"new,":[51],"growing":[52],"thickness.":[56,117],"two":[58,86],"processes":[59,87],"that":[60,121,135,191,222,250,255,266],"dominate":[61],"determining":[63,89],"signature":[66],"are":[67,122,197,296],"changes":[68,73,111],"dielectric":[70,282],"properties":[71,283],"surface":[75,95,136,192,205],"roughness.":[76],"In":[77],"this":[78,299],"paper":[79],"we":[80],"investigate":[81],"competition":[83],"these":[85],"radar":[90,125,145,231],"backscatter,":[91],"usefulness":[93],"roughness":[96,163,193,206,293],"as":[97],"indicator":[99],"thickness,":[103,286],"optimum":[106],"sensor":[107],"parameters":[108],"observing":[110],"scattering":[113,137,141],"linked":[114],"to":[115,211,235],"We":[118],"present":[119],"simulations":[120],"based":[123],"on":[124,128],"observations":[126,133],"made":[127],"laboratory\u2010grown":[129],"saline":[130],"ice.":[131,261],"These":[132],"confirm":[134],"dominates":[138],"over":[139],"volume":[140],"13.9":[143,169],"GHz":[144],"backscatter":[146,165],"young,":[148,156],"rough":[149],"at":[151],"most":[152],"angles":[153],"smooth":[157],"below":[159],"30\u00b0.":[160],"Although":[161],"rms":[162],"(at":[166],"5.3":[167],"GHz,":[170],"23\u00b0":[171],"incidence,":[172],"VV":[174],"polarization)":[175],"increase":[176],"together":[177],"after":[178],"about":[179],"10":[180],"cm":[181,241],"growth":[184],"under":[185,252],"quiet":[186],"conditions,":[187],"it":[188,244],"is":[189,227,245],"unlikely":[190],"simply":[198],"connected":[199],"real":[201],"ice,":[203],"where":[204],"can":[207,233],"change":[208],"rapidly":[209],"due":[210],"action":[213],"wind,":[215],"waves,":[216],"snow.":[218],"Simulations":[219],"show,":[220],"however,":[221],"formation":[223],"frost":[225],"flowers":[226],"detectable":[228],"by":[229],"spaceborne":[230],"serve":[234],"classify":[236],"roughly":[239],"5\u201320":[240],"since":[243,287],"a":[246],"distinct,":[247],"transient":[248],"event":[249],"occurs":[251],"physical":[253],"conditions":[254],"constrain":[256],"Our":[262],"experimental":[263],"data":[264],"show":[265],"future":[267],"sensors":[268],"operating":[269],"near":[270,298],"12\u00b0":[271],"incidence":[272],"may":[273],"offer":[274],"potential":[275],"probing":[277],"relationship":[279],"near\u2010surface":[281],"effects":[289],"variability":[291],"snowfall":[295],"minimized":[297],"angle.":[300]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}