{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2017550427","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.12.6059","title":"An Escherichia coli chromosomal \"addiction module\" regulated by guanosine [corrected] 3',5'-bispyrophosphate: a model for programmed bacterial cell death.","display_name":"An Escherichia coli chromosomal \"addiction module\" regulated by guanosine [corrected] 3',5'-bispyrophosphate: a model for programmed bacterial cell death.","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-06-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2017550427","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.12.6059","mag":"2017550427","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8650219","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/39188"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.93.12.6059","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.12.6059","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.12.6059","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W2017550427"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC39188","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037025479","display_name":"Elias Aizenman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9610-4194","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9610-4194"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197251160","display_name":"Hebrew University of Jerusalem","ror":"https://ror.org/03qxff017","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197251160"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799899409","display_name":"Hadassah Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01cqmqj90","country_code":"IL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799899409"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E Aizenman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cellular Biochemistry, The Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cellular Biochemistry, The Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197251160","https://openalex.org/I2799899409"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069661431","display_name":"Hanna Engelberg\u2013Kulka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1904-1067","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1904-1067"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197251160","display_name":"Hebrew University of Jerusalem","ror":"https://ror.org/03qxff017","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197251160"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799899409","display_name":"Hadassah Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01cqmqj90","country_code":"IL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799899409"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H Engelberg-Kulka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cellular Biochemistry, The Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cellular Biochemistry, The Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197251160","https://openalex.org/I2799899409"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109243287","display_name":"Gad Glaser","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197251160","display_name":"Hebrew University of Jerusalem","ror":"https://ror.org/03qxff017","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197251160"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799899409","display_name":"Hadassah Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01cqmqj90","country_code":"IL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799899409"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G Glaser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cellular Biochemistry, The Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cellular Biochemistry, The Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197251160","https://openalex.org/I2799899409"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.4563,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":611,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97551687,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"93","issue":"12","first_page":"6059","last_page":"6063"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10120","display_name":"Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10120","display_name":"Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10294","display_name":"Cell death mechanisms and regulation","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12827","display_name":"Biochemical and Molecular Research","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maze","display_name":"mazes","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mazf","display_name":"MazF","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rela","display_name":"RelA","score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programmed-cell-death","display_name":"programmed cell death","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/escherichia-coli","display_name":"Escherichia coli","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amino-acid-starvation","display_name":"amino acid starvation","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-expression-regulation","display_name":"gene expression regulation","score":0.3959999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromosomal-genes","display_name":"chromosomal genes","score":0.460999995470047}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547475151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25419","display_name":"Escherichia coli","level":3,"score":0.8368822336196899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89684784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5422184","display_name":"Extrachromosomal DNA","level":4,"score":0.7542129158973694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203075996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139677","display_name":"Operon","level":4,"score":0.7157939076423645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777995097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422462","display_name":"Guanosine","level":2,"score":0.5923151969909668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195286587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424689","display_name":"Gene product","level":4,"score":0.5860111713409424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.5564723014831543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31573885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q304484","display_name":"Programmed cell death","level":3,"score":0.5231745839118958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4817469120025635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.34506285190582275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.32583513855934143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150194340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26972","display_name":"Gene expression","level":3,"score":0.2563766539096832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190283241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14599311","display_name":"Apoptosis","level":2,"score":0.1395433247089386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22744801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172778","display_name":"Plasmid","level":3,"score":0.13856658339500427}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001426","descriptor_name":"Bacterial Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001483","descriptor_name":"Base Sequence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002876","descriptor_name":"Chromosomes, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004268","descriptor_name":"DNA-Binding Proteins","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004269","descriptor_name":"DNA, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004722","descriptor_name":"Endoribonucleases","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004926","descriptor_name":"Escherichia coli","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004926","descriptor_name":"Escherichia coli","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006159","descriptor_name":"Guanosine Tetraphosphate","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008969","descriptor_name":"Molecular Sequence Data","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009154","descriptor_name":"Mutation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011401","descriptor_name":"Promoter Regions, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017353","descriptor_name":"Gene Deletion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D029968","descriptor_name":"Escherichia coli Proteins","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.93.12.6059","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.12.6059","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.12.6059","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:1463036","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC39188","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:8650219","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8650219","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:39188","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC39188/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:1463036","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC39188","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W17016481","https://openalex.org/W348060877","https://openalex.org/W1485408777","https://openalex.org/W1488674567","https://openalex.org/W1518977299","https://openalex.org/W1523001651","https://openalex.org/W1538618724","https://openalex.org/W1538899778","https://openalex.org/W1540686772","https://openalex.org/W1546783991","https://openalex.org/W1547976855","https://openalex.org/W1559209718","https://openalex.org/W1571161105","https://openalex.org/W1573033932","https://openalex.org/W1587638614","https://openalex.org/W1597620505","https://openalex.org/W1616230851","https://openalex.org/W1897176773","https://openalex.org/W1964580946","https://openalex.org/W1978891627","https://openalex.org/W1991747510","https://openalex.org/W1996039015","https://openalex.org/W1999490246","https://openalex.org/W2005528894","https://openalex.org/W2021197152","https://openalex.org/W2024468809","https://openalex.org/W2035385414","https://openalex.org/W2042318034","https://openalex.org/W2068518785","https://openalex.org/W2074567498","https://openalex.org/W2127372563","https://openalex.org/W2136650402","https://openalex.org/W2138600143","https://openalex.org/W2144634347","https://openalex.org/W2154936481","https://openalex.org/W2159284935","https://openalex.org/W2199565660"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2133733281","https://openalex.org/W4243182367","https://openalex.org/W2059303607","https://openalex.org/W2167420567","https://openalex.org/W2156539285","https://openalex.org/W2112817686","https://openalex.org/W1981369154","https://openalex.org/W2114022811","https://openalex.org/W2138826967","https://openalex.org/W2099326312"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\"Addiction":[0],"modules\"":[1],"consist":[2],"of":[3,8,12,22,43,72,83,91,97,131],"two":[4],"genes.":[5],"In":[6],"most":[7],"them":[9],"the":[10,20,23,30,49,57,65,73,81,88,95,98,109,129],"product":[11,21,96],"one":[13],"is":[14,25,85],"long":[15],"lived":[16,27],"and":[17,28,61,122],"toxic":[18,31],"while":[19],"second":[24],"short":[26],"antagonizes":[29],"effect;":[32],"so":[33],"far,":[34],"they":[35],"have":[36,70,125],"been":[37],"described":[38],"mainly":[39],"in":[40,64,119,128],"a":[41,126],"number":[42],"prokaryotic":[44],"extrachromosomal":[45],"elements":[46],"responsible":[47,114],"for":[48,76,115],"postsegregational":[50],"killing":[51],"effect.":[52],"Here":[53],"we":[54],"show":[55],"that":[56,108],"chromosomal":[58],"genes":[59],"mazE":[60],"mazF,":[62],"located":[63],"Escherichia":[66],"coli":[67,121],"rel":[68],"operon,":[69],"all":[71],"properties":[74,106],"required":[75],"an":[77],"addiction":[78],"module.":[79],"Furthermore,":[80],"expression":[82],"mazEF":[84,110],"regulated":[86],"by":[87],"cellular":[89],"level":[90],"guanosine":[92],"[corrected]":[93],"3',5'-bispyrophosphate,":[94],"RelA":[99],"protein":[100],"under":[101],"amino":[102],"acid":[103],"starvation.":[104,132],"These":[105],"suggest":[107],"system":[111],"may":[112,124],"be":[113],"programmed":[116],"cell":[117],"death":[118],"E.":[120],"thus":[123],"role":[127],"physiology":[130]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":24}],"updated_date":"2026-11-15T12:55:33.944570","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
