{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2017547201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2005.03.016","title":"Chemical species associated with the early stage of soot growth in a laminar premixed ethylene\u2013oxygen\u2013argon flame","display_name":"Chemical species associated with the early stage of soot growth in a laminar premixed ethylene\u2013oxygen\u2013argon flame","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-05-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2017547201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2005.03.016","mag":"2017547201"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2005.03.016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2005.03.016","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2005.03.016","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32869529","display_name":"Combustion and Flame","issn_l":"0010-2180","issn":["0010-2180","1556-2921"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Combustion and Flame","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002797674","display_name":"Berk \u00d6ktem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9231-6261","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9231-6261","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1755-2066"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86501945","display_name":"University of Delaware","ror":"https://ror.org/01sbq1a82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Berk \u00d6ktem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015168203","display_name":"Michael P. Tolocka","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86501945","display_name":"University of Delaware","ror":"https://ror.org/01sbq1a82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael P. Tolocka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100751714","display_name":"Bin Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1755-8564","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1755-8564"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86501945","display_name":"University of Delaware","ror":"https://ror.org/01sbq1a82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100382773","display_name":"Hai Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6507-5503","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6507-5503","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2789-9530"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86501945","display_name":"University of Delaware","ror":"https://ror.org/01sbq1a82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hai Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011162365","display_name":"Murray V. Johnston","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9529-8660","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9529-8660"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86501945","display_name":"University of Delaware","ror":"https://ror.org/01sbq1a82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Murray V. Johnston","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011162365"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"],"apc_list":{"value":4320,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4320},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.4742,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":201,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98768261,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"142","issue":"4","first_page":"364","last_page":"373"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10117","display_name":"Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10117","display_name":"Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10075","display_name":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13584","display_name":"Coal Combustion and Slurry Processing","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soot-growth","display_name":"soot growth","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soot-chemical-composition","display_name":"soot chemical composition","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbons","display_name":"polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aliphatic-hydrocarbons","display_name":"aliphatic hydrocarbons","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aromatic-hydrocarbons","display_name":"aromatic hydrocarbons","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laminar-premixed-flames","display_name":"laminar premixed flames","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-inception","display_name":"particle inception","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soot-size-distribution","display_name":"soot size distribution","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/burner-stabilized-flames","display_name":"burner-stabilized flames","score":0.6919999718666077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775925408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13174856","display_name":"Soot","level":3,"score":0.9317174553871155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.7064344882965088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129474609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4563566","display_name":"Premixed flame","level":4,"score":0.5959789752960205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.5823727250099182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779345167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104541","display_name":"Aerosol","level":2,"score":0.4940541088581085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778597550","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q151313","display_name":"Ethylene","level":3,"score":0.47123822569847107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140205800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860","display_name":"Carbon fibers","level":3,"score":0.45568159222602844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C540031477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629","display_name":"Oxygen","level":2,"score":0.4381707012653351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149849071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1263816","display_name":"Chemical composition","level":2,"score":0.41124826669692993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83104080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3809680","display_name":"Combustor","level":3,"score":0.39169222116470337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105923489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133235","display_name":"Combustion","level":2,"score":0.35387444496154785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.3077540397644043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.17367789149284363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161790260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264","display_name":"Catalysis","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2005.03.016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2005.03.016","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2005.03.016","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32869529","display_name":"Combustion and Flame","issn_l":"0010-2180","issn":["0010-2180","1556-2921"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Combustion and Flame","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337393","display_name":"Division of Chemistry","ror":"https://ror.org/01ar8dr59"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966281189","https://openalex.org/W1968918991","https://openalex.org/W1969897766","https://openalex.org/W1970235890","https://openalex.org/W1972275767","https://openalex.org/W1973551783","https://openalex.org/W1974705036","https://openalex.org/W1976316993","https://openalex.org/W1977389715","https://openalex.org/W1979075696","https://openalex.org/W1982300119","https://openalex.org/W1986016007","https://openalex.org/W1995163638","https://openalex.org/W2001359264","https://openalex.org/W2004025218","https://openalex.org/W2005605656","https://openalex.org/W2007582143","https://openalex.org/W2010799106","https://openalex.org/W2013090429","https://openalex.org/W2024840581","https://openalex.org/W2029525705","https://openalex.org/W2034342868","https://openalex.org/W2038135199","https://openalex.org/W2041370018","https://openalex.org/W2050633167","https://openalex.org/W2051148391","https://openalex.org/W2059558302","https://openalex.org/W2065369109","https://openalex.org/W2066877243","https://openalex.org/W2070722250","https://openalex.org/W2075230606","https://openalex.org/W2084642664","https://openalex.org/W2085164220","https://openalex.org/W2087250942","https://openalex.org/W2093162108","https://openalex.org/W2093713831","https://openalex.org/W2138106798","https://openalex.org/W2164633709","https://openalex.org/W2481898069"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2077395572","https://openalex.org/W3092947688","https://openalex.org/W2069971141","https://openalex.org/W1990999481","https://openalex.org/W2253630441","https://openalex.org/W2094642204","https://openalex.org/W2091930100","https://openalex.org/W2063533850","https://openalex.org/W4250475467","https://openalex.org/W2011116924"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
