{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2017543871","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2002.9521461","title":"Proximity and opportunity: How residence and race affect the employment of welfare recipients","display_name":"Proximity and opportunity: How residence and race affect the employment of welfare recipients","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2017543871","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2002.9521461","mag":"2017543871"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10511482.2002.9521461","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2002.9521461","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2002.9521461","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52853039","display_name":"Housing Policy Debate","issn_l":"1051-1482","issn":["1051-1482","2152-050X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Housing Policy Debate","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089301292","display_name":"Scott W. Allard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4346-2649","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4346-2649"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70983195","display_name":"Syracuse University","ror":"https://ror.org/025r5qe02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70983195"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scott W. Allard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Professor of Public Administration and a Senior Research Associate in the Center for Policy Research at the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor of Public Administration and a Senior Research Associate in the Center for Policy Research at the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70983195"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017506251","display_name":"Sheldon H. Danziger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7152-9273","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7152-9273"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheldon Danziger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Henry J. Meyer Collegiate Professor of Public Policy and Co\u2010Director of the National Poverty Center at the Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy, University of Michigan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Henry J. Meyer Collegiate Professor of Public Policy and Co\u2010Director of the National Poverty Center at the Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy, University of Michigan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":19.9402,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":104,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99290202,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"4","first_page":"675","last_page":"700"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11544","display_name":"Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics","score":0.9717000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11544","display_name":"Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics","score":0.9717000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11645","display_name":"Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies","score":0.023600000888109207,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welfare-recipients","display_name":"welfare recipients","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-to-employment","display_name":"access to employment","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work-activities","display_name":"work activities","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welfare-receipt","display_name":"welfare receipt","score":0.47099998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/race","display_name":"race","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/place-of-residence","display_name":"place of residence","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-market-access","display_name":"labor market access","score":0.4189999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detroit-metropolitan-area","display_name":"Detroit metropolitan area","score":0.7620000243186951}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100243477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Welfare","level":2,"score":0.8167403340339661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778979077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330190","display_name":"Receipt","level":2,"score":0.8055626153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776269092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1611074","display_name":"Residence","level":2,"score":0.7783206701278687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158739034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1907114","display_name":"Metropolitan area","level":2,"score":0.6888667345046997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.614534318447113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6143370270729065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76509639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918036","display_name":"Race (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5595157146453857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5245935320854187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.4941413700580597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.38254842162132263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.348651647567749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.24405056238174438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1667424440383911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/10511482.2002.9521461","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2002.9521461","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2002.9521461","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52853039","display_name":"Housing Policy Debate","issn_l":"1051-1482","issn":["1051-1482","2152-050X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Housing Policy Debate","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.9629999995231628},{"display_name":"No poverty","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","score":0.8928999900817871}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.699999988079071}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2067237","https://openalex.org/W32723546","https://openalex.org/W195643508","https://openalex.org/W581166412","https://openalex.org/W1024988602","https://openalex.org/W1487656773","https://openalex.org/W1520289698","https://openalex.org/W1557612085","https://openalex.org/W1606493027","https://openalex.org/W1965154935","https://openalex.org/W1965249415","https://openalex.org/W1966178283","https://openalex.org/W1970222955","https://openalex.org/W1974553306","https://openalex.org/W1998667196","https://openalex.org/W2016448157","https://openalex.org/W2036297754","https://openalex.org/W2052486847","https://openalex.org/W2055047765","https://openalex.org/W2055379229","https://openalex.org/W2067913169","https://openalex.org/W2073739071","https://openalex.org/W2101726313","https://openalex.org/W2110758690","https://openalex.org/W2119272423","https://openalex.org/W2119978687","https://openalex.org/W2138643555","https://openalex.org/W2158633397","https://openalex.org/W2160592985","https://openalex.org/W2188017584","https://openalex.org/W2325238760","https://openalex.org/W2562070966","https://openalex.org/W2588962761","https://openalex.org/W2904798609","https://openalex.org/W3000598007","https://openalex.org/W3023785964","https://openalex.org/W4213455166","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2142855068","https://openalex.org/W2110758690","https://openalex.org/W2792864241","https://openalex.org/W2752251001","https://openalex.org/W581166412","https://openalex.org/W1970792244","https://openalex.org/W2165068594","https://openalex.org/W2137708818","https://openalex.org/W2276248673","https://openalex.org/W2091375244"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"examines":[2],"the":[3,60,67,73,78,84],"relationship":[4],"between":[5],"access":[6],"to":[7,24,30,35,97],"jobs,":[8],"work":[9,31],"activity,":[10],"and":[11,32,62,109],"welfare":[12,17,38,65],"receipt.":[13],"We":[14,87],"hypothesize":[15],"that":[16],"recipients":[18],"who":[19,41],"live":[20,42],"in":[21,77,83],"closer":[22],"proximity":[23,96],"employment":[25,98],"opportunities":[26,99],"are":[27],"more":[28],"likely":[29,34],"less":[33],"remain":[36],"on":[37,59],"than":[39],"those":[40],"farther":[43],"away.":[44],"To":[45],"test":[46],"this":[47],"hypothesis,":[48],"we":[49],"analyze":[50],"two":[51],"unique":[52],"data":[53],"sets.":[54],"The":[55],"first":[56],"has":[57],"information":[58],"residences":[61],"characteristics":[63],"of":[64,72,75,107,113],"recipients;":[66],"second":[68],"contains":[69],"a":[70,104,110],"list":[71],"location":[74],"jobs":[76],"three\u2010county":[79],"Detroit":[80],"metropolitan":[81],"area":[82],"late":[85],"1990s.":[86],"find":[88],"that,":[89],"after":[90],"controlling":[91],"for":[92],"individual":[93],"characteristics,":[94],"greater":[95],"is":[100],"associated":[101],"with":[102],"both":[103],"higher":[105,111],"probability":[106,112],"working":[108],"leaving":[114],"welfare.":[115]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}