{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2017533703","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(95)90456-5","title":"Hypermutation generating the sheep immunoglobulin repertoire is an antigen-independent process","display_name":"Hypermutation generating the sheep immunoglobulin repertoire is an antigen-independent process","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2017533703","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(95)90456-5","mag":"2017533703","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7813007"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90456-5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(95)90456-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(95)90456-5","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(95)90456-5","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110447773","display_name":"Cell","issn_l":"0092-8674","issn":["0092-8674","1097-4172"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315673","host_organization_name":"Cell Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315673","https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cell Press","Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cell","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W2017533703"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(95)90456-5","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020736484","display_name":"Claude\u2013Agn\u00e8s Reynaud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4519-4473","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4519-4473"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288880153","display_name":"H\u00f4pital Necker-Enfants Malades","ror":"https://ror.org/05tr67282","country_code":"FR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288880153","https://openalex.org/I4210097159","https://openalex.org/I4210120235"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154526488","display_name":"Inserm","ror":"https://ror.org/02vjkv261","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154526488"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086369","display_name":"Institut Necker Enfants Malades","ror":"https://ror.org/000nhq538","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I204730241","https://openalex.org/I4210086369","https://openalex.org/I4210096427"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claude-Agn\u00e8s Reynaud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale, Institut Necker, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Necker-Enfants Malades, Universit\u00e9 Paris 5, France","Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale Unit\u00e9 373 Institut Necker Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Necker-Enfants Malades Universit\u00e9 Paris 5 F-75730 Paris C\u00e9dex 15 France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale, Institut Necker, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Necker-Enfants Malades, Universit\u00e9 Paris 5, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288880153","https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I4210086369"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale Unit\u00e9 373 Institut Necker Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Necker-Enfants Malades Universit\u00e9 Paris 5 F-75730 Paris C\u00e9dex 15 France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288880153","https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I4210086369"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101608900","display_name":"Corinne Cordier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4799-6143","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4799-6143"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288880153","display_name":"H\u00f4pital Necker-Enfants Malades","ror":"https://ror.org/05tr67282","country_code":"FR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288880153","https://openalex.org/I4210097159","https://openalex.org/I4210120235"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154526488","display_name":"Inserm","ror":"https://ror.org/02vjkv261","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154526488"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086369","display_name":"Institut Necker Enfants Malades","ror":"https://ror.org/000nhq538","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I204730241","https://openalex.org/I4210086369","https://openalex.org/I4210096427"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Corinne Garcia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale Unit\u00e9 373 Institut Necker Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Necker-Enfants Malades Universit\u00e9 Paris 5 F-75730 Paris C\u00e9dex 15 France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale Unit\u00e9 373 Institut Necker Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Necker-Enfants Malades Universit\u00e9 Paris 5 F-75730 Paris C\u00e9dex 15 France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288880153","https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I4210086369"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051720079","display_name":"W. Hein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0769-6525","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0769-6525"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1850255","display_name":"University of Basel","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6k3f65","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wayne R Hein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Basel Institute for Immunology Grenzacherstrasse 487 CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Basel Institute for Immunology Grenzacherstrasse 487 CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052856500","display_name":"Jean\u2013Claude Weill","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8284-0489","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8284-0489"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288880153","display_name":"H\u00f4pital Necker-Enfants Malades","ror":"https://ror.org/05tr67282","country_code":"FR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288880153","https://openalex.org/I4210097159","https://openalex.org/I4210120235"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154526488","display_name":"Inserm","ror":"https://ror.org/02vjkv261","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154526488"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086369","display_name":"Institut Necker Enfants Malades","ror":"https://ror.org/000nhq538","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I204730241","https://openalex.org/I4210086369","https://openalex.org/I4210096427"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean-Claude Weill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale Unit\u00e9 373 Institut Necker Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Necker-Enfants Malades Universit\u00e9 Paris 5 F-75730 Paris C\u00e9dex 15 France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale Unit\u00e9 373 Institut Necker Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Necker-Enfants Malades Universit\u00e9 Paris 5 F-75730 Paris C\u00e9dex 15 France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288880153","https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I4210086369"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":11400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":11400},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.4491,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":314,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99116052,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"80","issue":"1","first_page":"115","last_page":"125"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10031","display_name":"T-cell and B-cell Immunology","score":0.8628000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10031","display_name":"T-cell and B-cell Immunology","score":0.8628000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10123","display_name":"DNA Repair Mechanisms","score":0.03970000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11016","display_name":"Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research","score":0.030799999833106995,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/somatic-hypermutation","display_name":"somatic hypermutation","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sheep","display_name":"sheep","score":0.5099999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/b-cell-development","display_name":"B cell development","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peyer-s-patches","display_name":"Peyer's patches","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thymectomy","display_name":"thymectomy","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypervariable-region","display_name":"hypervariable region","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synonymous-mutations","display_name":"synonymous mutations","score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/codon-usage","display_name":"codon usage","score":0.8109999895095825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.9520409107208252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128526571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q619302","display_name":"Somatic hypermutation","level":4,"score":0.9258788824081421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.6297937035560608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781377902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21418769","display_name":"Affinity maturation","level":3,"score":0.5490789413452148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501734568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42918","display_name":"Mutation","level":3,"score":0.5464720129966736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.489067405462265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143065580","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3285695","display_name":"Mutant","level":3,"score":0.4646470248699188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13514818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5552256","display_name":"Germline mutation","level":4,"score":0.45266658067703247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134305767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725508","display_name":"Somatic cell","level":3,"score":0.4306371808052063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153911025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202","display_name":"Molecular biology","level":1,"score":0.3635559678077698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.328463613986969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778453870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188930","display_name":"B cell","level":3,"score":0.13055062294006348}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000941","descriptor_name":"Antigens","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001402","descriptor_name":"B-Lymphocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001482","descriptor_name":"Base Composition","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001483","descriptor_name":"Base Sequence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003062","descriptor_name":"Codon","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005803","descriptor_name":"Genes, Immunoglobulin","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005856","descriptor_name":"Germ-Free Life","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007133","descriptor_name":"Immunoglobulin Joining Region","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007135","descriptor_name":"Immunoglobulin Variable Region","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007146","descriptor_name":"Immunoglobulin lambda-Chains","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007147","descriptor_name":"Immunoglobulin Light Chains","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008969","descriptor_name":"Molecular Sequence Data","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009154","descriptor_name":"Mutation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010581","descriptor_name":"Peyer's Patches","qualifier_ui":"Q000196","qualifier_name":"embryology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010581","descriptor_name":"Peyer's Patches","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012756","descriptor_name":"Sheep","qualifier_ui":"Q000196","qualifier_name":"embryology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012756","descriptor_name":"Sheep","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012756","descriptor_name":"Sheep","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013934","descriptor_name":"Thymectomy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015321","descriptor_name":"Gene Rearrangement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90456-5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(95)90456-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(95)90456-5","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(95)90456-5","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110447773","display_name":"Cell","issn_l":"0092-8674","issn":["0092-8674","1097-4172"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315673","host_organization_name":"Cell Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315673","https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cell Press","Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cell","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:7813007","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7813007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cell","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90456-5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(95)90456-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(95)90456-5","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(95)90456-5","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110447773","display_name":"Cell","issn_l":"0092-8674","issn":["0092-8674","1097-4172"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315673","host_organization_name":"Cell Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315673","https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cell Press","Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cell","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2017533703.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W6294928","https://openalex.org/W1138060393","https://openalex.org/W1236747056","https://openalex.org/W1513592040","https://openalex.org/W1565321014","https://openalex.org/W1691896390","https://openalex.org/W1918956394","https://openalex.org/W1966949480","https://openalex.org/W1969649580","https://openalex.org/W1993214965","https://openalex.org/W2012621186","https://openalex.org/W2015590653","https://openalex.org/W2016208323","https://openalex.org/W2036859226","https://openalex.org/W2039140653","https://openalex.org/W2052084059","https://openalex.org/W2052733766","https://openalex.org/W2053470716","https://openalex.org/W2057902325","https://openalex.org/W2074236136","https://openalex.org/W2080444258","https://openalex.org/W2087438783","https://openalex.org/W2091974060","https://openalex.org/W2130266997","https://openalex.org/W2134424755","https://openalex.org/W2234122817","https://openalex.org/W2410520298","https://openalex.org/W2412649735"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2019114163","https://openalex.org/W2033895050","https://openalex.org/W1998346823","https://openalex.org/W2080335911","https://openalex.org/W2022438750","https://openalex.org/W2050188367","https://openalex.org/W7095938445","https://openalex.org/W1487867124","https://openalex.org/W1983306073","https://openalex.org/W1907143774"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}