{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2017529592","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00220973.1961.11010709","title":"Pressure on Point and Barrel of a Writing Instrument","display_name":"Pressure on Point and Barrel of a Writing Instrument","publication_year":1961,"publication_date":"1961-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2017529592","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00220973.1961.11010709","mag":"2017529592"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/00220973.1961.11010709","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00220973.1961.11010709","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00220973.1961.11010709","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S143721676","display_name":"The Journal of Experimental Education","issn_l":"0022-0973","issn":["0022-0973","1940-0683"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Experimental Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035701532","display_name":"Virgil E. Herrick","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1304256225","display_name":"University of Wisconsin System","ror":"https://ror.org/03ydkyb10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304256225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Virgil E. Herrick","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1304256225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030926736","display_name":"Wayne Otto","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181233156","display_name":"University of Oregon","ror":"https://ror.org/0293rh119","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181233156"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wayne Otto","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oregon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oregon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181233156"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.3276,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96258305,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"2","first_page":"215","last_page":"230"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12070","display_name":"Writing and Handwriting Education","score":0.8374000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12070","display_name":"Writing and Handwriting Education","score":0.8374000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10982","display_name":"Motor Control and Adaptation","score":0.1534000039100647,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12006","display_name":"Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting","display_name":"handwriting","score":0.4860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legibility","display_name":"legibility","score":0.5680000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pressure-measurement-instrumentation","display_name":"pressure measurement instrumentation","score":0.41200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strain-gauges","display_name":"strain gauges","score":0.4860000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172227984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1400397","display_name":"Barrel (horology)","level":2,"score":0.6932600736618042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5415241718292236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.47721725702285767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.42918917536735535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2724466621875763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11840823292732239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.07369545102119446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.06873425841331482}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/00220973.1961.11010709","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00220973.1961.11010709","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00220973.1961.11010709","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S143721676","display_name":"The Journal of Experimental Education","issn_l":"0022-0973","issn":["0022-0973","1940-0683"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Experimental Education","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2397576895","https://openalex.org/W4224984877","https://openalex.org/W2098285881","https://openalex.org/W4289884584","https://openalex.org/W6907634290","https://openalex.org/W2067619287","https://openalex.org/W2785089571","https://openalex.org/W2914690784","https://openalex.org/W4282938231","https://openalex.org/W2041295322"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"THE":[0],"PRESENT":[1],"study":[2,47,90,209,244],"is":[3,279],"a":[4,20,116,133,152,157,163,183,223,246],"further":[5],"extension":[6],"of":[7,10,19,30,48,65,91,108,115,124,132,210,222,231,242],"I":[8],"investigations":[9,35],"pressure":[11,49,68,76,92,110,127,142,172,185,211,254,290],"phenomena":[12,255],"in":[13,24,55,79,135,169,178,256],"hand":[14],"writing":[15,117,134,224],"conducted":[16],"by":[17,37,140,190],"members":[18],"Committee":[21],"for":[22,195],"Research":[23],"Basic":[25],"Skills":[26],"at":[27],"the":[28,46,52,63,72,89,113,130,144,176,191,202,208,214,220,228,280,287],"University":[29],"Wis":[31],"consin.":[32],"Two":[33],"previous":[34,82],"reported":[36],"Harris":[38,97],"and":[39,71,77,98,147,156,226,236,252,263,289],"Rarick":[40,99],"(1,":[41],"2)":[42,227],"were":[43,59,86,180,275],"limited":[44,87],"to":[45,51,88,213,219,248,259,268,272,286,292],"applied":[50,212,285,291],"point":[53,67,75,94,131,221,235,253,288],"ofawriting":[54],"strument.":[56],"The":[57,81,122,198,239],"studies":[58],"concerned":[60],"w":[61,245],"ith":[62],"methodology":[64],"examining":[66],"phenom":[69],"ena":[70],"relationship":[73,281],"between":[74,234,282],"legibility":[78],"handwriting.":[80],"Wisconsin":[83],"investiga":[84],"tors":[85],"on":[93,173],"because,":[95],"as":[96,216,218],"(1)":[100],"have":[101],"pointed":[102],"out,":[103],"no":[104],"sat":[105],"isfactory":[106],"method":[107],"mesuring":[109],"exerted":[111,128],"upon":[112,129],"barrel":[114,174,215,237,251],"instrument":[118,225],"had":[119],"been":[120],"devised.":[121],"problem":[123],"adequately":[125],"measuring":[126],"strument":[136],"was,":[137],"however,":[138],"solved":[139],"recording":[141,158],"through":[143],"use":[145],"ofaplaten":[146],"strain":[148],"guages":[149],"coupled":[150],"with":[151],"vacuum":[153],"tube":[154],"amplifier":[155],"oscilliograph.":[159],"It":[160],"appeared":[161],"that":[162],"comparable":[164],"technique":[165],"might":[166],"be":[167],"employed":[168],"mea":[170],"suring":[171],"if":[175],"appropriate":[177],"strumentation":[179],"available.":[181],"Consequently,":[182],"grip":[184],"transducer":[186,203],"pen":[187,204],"was":[188],"developed":[189],"Parker":[192],"Pen":[193],"Company":[194],"experimental":[196],"purposes.":[197],"development":[199],"o":[200],"f":[201],"made":[205],"possible":[206,232],"1)":[207,277],"well":[217],"examina":[229],"tion":[230],"interrelationships":[233],"pressure.":[238],"primary":[240],"purpose":[241],"this":[243],"s":[247],"ex":[249],"amine":[250],"an":[257],"attempt":[258],"determine":[260],"what":[261],"relationships":[262],"pres":[264,283],"sure":[265,284],"patterns":[266],"appear":[267],"exist.":[269],"Specifically,":[270],"answers":[271],"three":[273],"questions":[274],"sought.":[276],"What":[278]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-15T07:11:24.734988","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}