{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2017511107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3141/2114-04","title":"Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Land Transport in India","display_name":"Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Land Transport in India","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2017511107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3141/2114-04","mag":"2017511107"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3141/2114-04","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3141/2114-04","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3141/2114-04","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145575934","display_name":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","issn_l":"0361-1981","issn":["0361-1981","2169-4052"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108537189","display_name":"Lee J. Schipper","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lee Schipper","raw_affiliation_strings":["Global Metropolitan Studies, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94707-1782"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Global Metropolitan Studies, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94707-1782","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ipsita Banerjee","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ipsita Banerjee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 116 McLaughlin Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-1712"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 116 McLaughlin Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-1712","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113703614","display_name":"Wei-Shiuen Ng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331321872","display_name":"World Resources Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/047ktk903","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331321872"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei-Shiuen Ng","raw_affiliation_strings":["EMBARQ, World Resources Institute Center for Sustainable Transport, 10 G Street, NE, Suite 800, Washington, DC 20002"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EMBARQ, World Resources Institute Center for Sustainable Transport, 10 G Street, NE, Suite 800, Washington, DC 20002","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331321872"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108537189"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4045,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81672772,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2114","issue":"1","first_page":"28","last_page":"37"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12617","display_name":"Energy, Environment, and Transportation Policies","score":0.7455999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12617","display_name":"Energy, Environment, and Transportation Policies","score":0.7455999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12095","display_name":"Vehicle emissions and performance","score":0.23280000686645508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.008999999612569809,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/co2-emissions","display_name":"CO2 emissions","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-transport","display_name":"land transport","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/india","display_name":"India","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motorization","display_name":"motorization","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-transport","display_name":"public transport","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/two-wheeled-vehicles","display_name":"two-wheeled vehicles","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mini-car","display_name":"minicars","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-efficiency","display_name":"energy efficiency","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-fuel-efficiency","display_name":"vehicle fuel efficiency","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/travel-distance","display_name":"travel distance","score":0.5699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-urban-mobility","display_name":"sustainable urban mobility","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-policy","display_name":"transport policy","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scenario-analysis","display_name":"scenario analysis","score":0.5329999923706055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157085824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2384809","display_name":"TRIPS architecture","level":2,"score":0.7046768069267273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539828613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178512","display_name":"Public transport","level":2,"score":0.5920522212982178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5809715986251831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5807456970214844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781075386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1661652","display_name":"Private transport","level":3,"score":0.5309025049209595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157181609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364310","display_name":"Sustainable transport","level":3,"score":0.5272195339202881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552854447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131201","display_name":"Sustainable development","level":2,"score":0.5203065872192383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.4906560480594635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779697334","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878855","display_name":"Bus rapid transit","level":3,"score":0.4770633280277252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134632028","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6134482","display_name":"Sustainable growth rate","level":2,"score":0.47411778569221497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701","display_name":"Natural resource economics","level":1,"score":0.4715183973312378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992611469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3647572","display_name":"Business as usual","level":2,"score":0.4714337885379791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47737302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167336","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","level":2,"score":0.44977518916130066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778022998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q651136","display_name":"Transit (satellite)","level":3,"score":0.4358443021774292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.4211153984069824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780565591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5611761","display_name":"Growth management","level":3,"score":0.42001545429229736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781360296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17146084","display_name":"Car ownership","level":3,"score":0.4125370979309082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.3576321601867676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.332863986492157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.32971328496932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.27456748485565186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.23723682761192322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.17596358060836792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15757501125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.11982512474060059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74363100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273005","display_name":"Economic system","level":1,"score":0.10946136713027954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.10757890343666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0836830735206604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3141/2114-04","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3141/2114-04","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3141/2114-04","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145575934","display_name":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","issn_l":"0361-1981","issn":["0361-1981","2169-4052"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.9786999821662903},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.875}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307855","display_name":"World Bank Group","ror":"https://ror.org/00ae7jd04"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309411","display_name":"University of California Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W568479103","https://openalex.org/W613132692","https://openalex.org/W640626049","https://openalex.org/W650632455","https://openalex.org/W1519195512","https://openalex.org/W1985370268","https://openalex.org/W2021659981","https://openalex.org/W2067395863","https://openalex.org/W2143062569","https://openalex.org/W2144927846","https://openalex.org/W4249275121"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2067395863","https://openalex.org/W3047177877","https://openalex.org/W2242801812","https://openalex.org/W59990344","https://openalex.org/W4307643928","https://openalex.org/W594506644","https://openalex.org/W7162521881","https://openalex.org/W2006337771","https://openalex.org/W2148546240","https://openalex.org/W4386475516"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"India":[0,35],"is":[1,43,51],"experiencing":[2],"rapid":[3],"growth":[4,16,122,206],"in":[5,34],"motorization.":[6],"The":[7],"government":[8],"and":[9,41,63,101,144,166,213],"policy":[10,58,197],"makers":[11,59],"are":[12,36],"responding":[13],"to":[14,67,76,149,203],"this":[15,62],"by":[17,38,140],"building":[18],"inadequate,":[19],"unsustainable":[20],"infrastructure":[21,66],"mostly":[22],"geared":[23],"toward":[24],"private":[25],"automobile":[26],"owners.":[27],"Because":[28],"more":[29],"than":[30],"half":[31],"the":[32,49,136,141,150,154,180,205],"trips":[33],"served":[37],"public":[39],"transport,":[40,48],"there":[42],"high":[44],"usage":[45],"of":[46,80,93,121,156,164,173,176,183,196,207],"nonmotorized":[47],"country":[50],"well":[52],"poised":[53],"for":[54,161,170],"sustainable":[55,102],"development.":[56],"Yet":[57],"must":[60],"recognize":[61],"provide":[64],"an":[65,107],"support":[68],"it.":[69],"This":[70,185],"paper":[71],"employs":[72],"a":[73,90,97,194],"bottom-up":[74],"approach":[75],"explore":[77],"four":[78],"scenarios":[79,113,151],"growth:":[81],"business":[82],"as":[83,209],"usual":[84],"(BAU);":[85],"energy":[86],"efficiency":[87,160],"(EE),":[88],"including":[89],"large":[91],"share":[92,155],"energy-efficient":[94],"small":[95],"cars;":[96],"two-wheeler":[98],"world":[99],"(TWW);":[100],"urban":[103],"transport":[104],"(SUT)":[105],"with":[106,127],"emphasis":[108],"on":[109],"mass":[110],"transit.":[111],"These":[112],"employ":[114],"different,":[115],"though":[116],"not":[117],"mutually":[118],"exclusive,":[119],"directions":[120],"that":[123,190],"could":[124,191],"be":[125,133,201],"supported":[126],"appropriate":[128],"policies.":[129],"Carbon":[130],"emissions":[131,208],"would":[132],"highest":[134],"under":[135],"BAU":[137],"scenario,":[138],"followed":[139],"EE,":[142],"TWW,":[143],"SUT":[145],"scenarios.":[146],"Assumptions":[147],"applied":[148],"include":[152],"increasing":[153],"minicars,":[157],"improving":[158],"fuel":[159],"different":[162,171],"types":[163,172],"vehicles,":[165,174],"reducing":[167],"distances":[168],"traveled":[169],"all":[175],"which":[177],"significantly":[178],"decreased":[179],"carbon":[181],"content":[182],"fuels.":[184],"study":[186],"suggests":[187],"reasonable":[188],"results":[189],"come":[192],"from":[193],"number":[195],"recommendations.":[198],"More":[199],"can":[200],"done":[202],"restrain":[204],"policies":[210],"become":[211],"bolder":[212],"technologies":[214],"improve.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}