{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2017504103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.122388","title":"Photothermal displacement measurement of transient melting and surface deformation during pulsed laser heating","display_name":"Photothermal displacement measurement of transient melting and surface deformation during pulsed laser heating","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-10-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2017504103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.122388","mag":"2017504103"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.122388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.122388","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.122388","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105243760","display_name":"Applied Physics Letters","issn_l":"0003-6951","issn":["0003-6951","1077-3118","1520-8842"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Physics Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018690367","display_name":"Shaochen Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6876-497X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6876-497X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaochen Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California\u200994720-1740"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California\u200994720-1740","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040927032","display_name":"Costas P. Grigoropoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8505-4037","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8505-4037"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Costas P. Grigoropoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California\u200994720-1740"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California\u200994720-1740","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044569632","display_name":"Hee K. Park","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hee K. Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Manufacturing Technology Center, Boca Raton, Florida\u200933431"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Manufacturing Technology Center, Boca Raton, Florida\u200933431","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064413548","display_name":"Pieter J. M. Kerstens","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pieter Kerstens","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Manufacturing Technology Center, Boca Raton, Florida\u200933431"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Manufacturing Technology Center, Boca Raton, Florida\u200933431","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112614688","display_name":"A. C. Tam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0814-3053","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0814-3053"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210085935","display_name":"IBM Research - Almaden","ror":"https://ror.org/005w8dd04","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210085935","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew C. Tam","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, California\u200995120"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, California\u200995120","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210085935"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.2394,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93065537,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":"15","first_page":"2093","last_page":"2095"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11856","display_name":"Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques","score":0.8134999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11856","display_name":"Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques","score":0.8134999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10732","display_name":"Laser Material Processing Techniques","score":0.1387999951839447,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13965","display_name":"Laser and Thermal Forming Techniques","score":0.004100000020116568,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulsed-laser-heating","display_name":"pulsed laser heating","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transient-melting","display_name":"transient melting","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-deformation","display_name":"surface deformation","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-energy-dependence","display_name":"pulse energy dependence","score":0.6919999718666077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182606246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187926","display_name":"Photothermal therapy","level":2,"score":0.784867525100708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.741676926612854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51141536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q838801","display_name":"Nanosecond","level":3,"score":0.730069637298584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.6549705862998962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.6305966973304749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777425595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187925","display_name":"Photothermal spectroscopy","level":3,"score":0.5284899473190308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781355719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2080698","display_name":"Deflection (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5118271708488464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.44977614283561707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55005982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3902709","display_name":"Picosecond","level":3,"score":0.4361928105354309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.09777402877807617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08547088503837585}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.122388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.122388","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.122388","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105243760","display_name":"Applied Physics Letters","issn_l":"0003-6951","issn":["0003-6951","1077-3118","1520-8842"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Physics Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W604544884","https://openalex.org/W1972995903","https://openalex.org/W1982087846","https://openalex.org/W1995299756","https://openalex.org/W2011094922","https://openalex.org/W2066633736","https://openalex.org/W2067244556","https://openalex.org/W2099594990","https://openalex.org/W2138464654","https://openalex.org/W2167255286"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967636328","https://openalex.org/W216305714","https://openalex.org/W2010904021","https://openalex.org/W2113842136","https://openalex.org/W2029514193","https://openalex.org/W1975528247","https://openalex.org/W2003560662","https://openalex.org/W2025188834","https://openalex.org/W2020910593","https://openalex.org/W2038557940"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,22],"photothermal":[1],"displacement":[2],"method":[3],"has":[4],"been":[5],"developed":[6],"to":[7],"probe":[8],"the":[9,31,44,48,52,60,63,72,83,87,92],"pulsed":[10,34,53],"laser-induced":[11],"transient":[12,77],"melting":[13],"and":[14],"surface":[15,50,88],"deformation":[16],"of":[17,62,71,86,94],"Ni\u2013P":[18],"hard":[19],"disk":[20],"substrates.":[21],"probing":[23],"He\u2013Ne":[24,38],"laser":[25,54,74],"beam":[26,39],"is":[27,41,90],"aligned":[28],"collinearly":[29],"with":[30],"near-infrared":[32],"nanosecond":[33],"heating":[35,73],"beam.":[36,75],"The":[37,56,76],"spot":[40],"scanned":[42],"on":[43,47],"microfeatures":[45],"formed":[46],"sample":[49],"by":[51],"heating.":[55],"deflection":[57,78],"signals":[58],"show":[59],"variation":[61],"feature":[64],"shape":[65],"resulting":[66],"from":[67],"different":[68],"pulse":[69],"energies":[70],"signal":[79],"also":[80],"reveals":[81],"that":[82],"time":[84],"scale":[85],"motion":[89],"in":[91],"range":[93],"several":[95],"hundred":[96],"nanoseconds.":[97]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}