{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2017495023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1139/t88-006","title":"Constant-volume friction angle of granular materials","display_name":"Constant-volume friction angle of granular materials","publication_year":1988,"publication_date":"1988-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2017495023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1139/t88-006","mag":"2017495023"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1139/t88-006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1139/t88-006","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1139/t88-006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105963835","display_name":"Canadian Geotechnical Journal","issn_l":"0008-3674","issn":["0008-3674","1208-6010"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310312929","host_organization_name":"Canadian Science Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310312929"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Canadian Science Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Canadian Geotechnical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008690175","display_name":"Dawit Negussey","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Negussey","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of British Columbia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of British Columbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017186052","display_name":"W. K. D. Wijewickreme","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. K. D. Wijewickreme","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of British Columbia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of British Columbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110100443","display_name":"Y. P. Vaid","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y. P. Vaid","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of British Columbia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of British Columbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.5853,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":110,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94012181,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":92,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"1","first_page":"50","last_page":"55"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10233","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Mechanics","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10233","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Mechanics","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11375","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Stabilization","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10716","display_name":"Soil and Unsaturated Flow","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granular-materials","display_name":"granular materials","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mineral-composition","display_name":"mineral composition","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ring-shear-test","display_name":"ring shear test","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drained-shear","display_name":"drained shear","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/undrained-shear","display_name":"undrained shear","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-transformation","display_name":"phase transformation","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steady-state","display_name":"steady state","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confining-pressure","display_name":"confining pressure","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/packing-fraction","display_name":"packing density","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grain-size-distribution","display_name":"grain size distribution","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-shape","display_name":"particle shape","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sand","display_name":"sand","score":0.335999995470047}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96035792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43606218","display_name":"Shear (geology)","level":2,"score":0.6483763456344604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32568104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155083","display_name":"Granular material","level":2,"score":0.6409907937049866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29314403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15637103","display_name":"Gradation","level":2,"score":0.6269876956939697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5730758309364319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5662785172462463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777027219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1284190","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.5045441389083862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.49445104598999023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992277244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82580","display_name":"Friction angle","level":2,"score":0.4411331117153168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41151612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5280388","display_name":"Direct shear test","level":3,"score":0.440006285905838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.26481637358665466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2298649251461029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.22725695371627808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1139/t88-006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1139/t88-006","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1139/t88-006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105963835","display_name":"Canadian Geotechnical Journal","issn_l":"0008-3674","issn":["0008-3674","1208-6010"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310312929","host_organization_name":"Canadian Science Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310312929"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Canadian Science Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Canadian Geotechnical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2506425395","https://openalex.org/W3203107830","https://openalex.org/W2088857683","https://openalex.org/W2936807673","https://openalex.org/W2020937790","https://openalex.org/W2310802460","https://openalex.org/W3000046385","https://openalex.org/W7125937390","https://openalex.org/W1976049923","https://openalex.org/W1598900984"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,112],"postulate":[1],"that":[2,129],"the":[3,75,90],"constant-volume":[4],"friction":[5,55,136,140,157],"angle":[6,56,137],"[Formula:":[7,57,78,108,121],"see":[8,58,79,109,122],"text]":[9,59,80,110,123],"of":[10,19,28,64,77,92,120],"a":[11,17,38,51,116,125,132],"granular":[12,154],"material":[13,126],"is":[14,22,60,131],"unique":[15],"and":[16,71,95,102,146],"function":[18],"mineral":[20],"composition":[21],"verified":[23],"experimentally.":[24],"Granular":[25],"materials":[26],"comprised":[27],"particles":[29],"ranging":[30],"from":[31],"minerals":[32],"to":[33,46,139],"metals":[34],"are":[35,44,81,105],"tested":[36],"in":[37,86,96,128,149],"ring":[39,166],"shear":[40,48,88,98,167],"apparatus.":[41],"Test":[42],"samples":[43],"subjected":[45],"large":[47],"displacements":[49],"until":[50],"constant":[52,159],"lower":[53],"bound":[54],"mobilized.":[61],"Possible":[62],"effects":[63],"confining":[65],"pressure,":[66],"initial":[67],"packing":[68],"density,":[69],"gradation,":[70],"particle":[72],"shape":[73],"on":[74],"value":[76],"investigated.":[82],"Friction":[83],"angles":[84,141],"mobilized":[85,142],"drained":[87,135],"at":[89,99,143],"instant":[91],"maximum":[93],"contraction":[94],"undrained":[97,150],"phase":[100,144,163],"transformation":[101,145,164],"steady":[103,147,161],"state":[104,148],"compared":[106],"with":[107],"values.":[111],"experimental":[113],"results":[114],"confirm":[115],"broader":[117],"fundamental":[118],"significance":[119],"as":[124],"parameter":[127],"it":[130],"consistent":[133],"minimum":[134],"equal":[138],"shear.":[151],"Key":[152],"words:":[153],"materials,":[155],"sand,":[156],"angles,":[158],"volume,":[160],"state,":[162,165],"test.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}