{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2017411967","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.978347","title":"A Prototype Commercial Orbitron Maser For Millimeterwave Radar","display_name":"A Prototype Commercial Orbitron Maser For Millimeterwave Radar","publication_year":1988,"publication_date":"1988-11-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2017411967","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.978347","mag":"2017411967"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.978347","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.978347","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.978347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113627713","display_name":"Masanobu Niimura","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093264","display_name":"American Research Corporation of Virginia (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00pyrxj28","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093264"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. G. Niimura","raw_affiliation_strings":["American research Corporation of Virginia (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"American research Corporation of Virginia (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093264"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113637696","display_name":"Fred Dyer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Dyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tennessee (United States)","#N##TAB##TAB##TAB##TAB# University of Tennessee, United States#N##TAB##TAB##TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tennessee (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N##TAB##TAB##TAB##TAB# University of Tennessee, United States#N##TAB##TAB##TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108507749","display_name":"M. Rader","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Rader","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tennessee (United States)","#N##TAB##TAB##TAB##TAB# University of Tennessee, United States#N##TAB##TAB##TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tennessee (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N##TAB##TAB##TAB##TAB# University of Tennessee, United States#N##TAB##TAB##TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041520864","display_name":"Russell J. Churchill","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093264","display_name":"American Research Corporation of Virginia (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00pyrxj28","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093264"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. J. Churchill","raw_affiliation_strings":["American research Corporation of Virginia (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"American research Corporation of Virginia (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093264"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113695787","display_name":"I. Alexeff","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093264","display_name":"American Research Corporation of Virginia (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00pyrxj28","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093264"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I. Alexeff","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tennessee (United States)","American research Corporation of Virginia (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tennessee (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"American research Corporation of Virginia (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093264"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7174,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85558195,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"1039","issue":null,"first_page":"92","last_page":"92"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11175","display_name":"Gyrotron and Vacuum Electronics Research","score":0.9520999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11175","display_name":"Gyrotron and Vacuum Electronics Research","score":0.9520999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11920","display_name":"Pulsed Power Technology Applications","score":0.011300000362098217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12760","display_name":"Laser Design and Applications","score":0.00839999970048666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/millimeter-wave-radar","display_name":"millimeter-wave radar","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/v-band","display_name":"V-band","score":0.5120000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dc-dc-converter","display_name":"DC-DC converter","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plasma-discharge","display_name":"plasma discharge","score":0.37599998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/working-gas","display_name":"working gas","score":0.5},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-output","display_name":"output power","score":0.5799999833106995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.6102688312530518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182862853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575887","display_name":"Pulse repetition frequency","level":3,"score":0.5588172674179077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.49410298466682434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46061668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487875","display_name":"Maser","level":2,"score":0.47975385189056396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.4587784707546234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.45545995235443115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.360755980014801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.327345073223114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3246927857398987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.25187212228775024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15828141570091248}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.978347","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.978347","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.978347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2774781684","https://openalex.org/W1526099081","https://openalex.org/W2094936315","https://openalex.org/W2996219775","https://openalex.org/W2144776887","https://openalex.org/W1595202626","https://openalex.org/W1654640884","https://openalex.org/W2165833635","https://openalex.org/W2001421323","https://openalex.org/W2977817577"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,148],"rugged,":[1],"compact,":[2],"battery-powered":[3],"millimeterwave":[4],"(mm-wave)":[5],"radar":[6],"has":[7],"been":[8],"developed":[9],"by":[10,131],"using":[11],"a":[12,61],"prototype":[13],"orbitron":[14,20,58,73,127],"maser":[15,21,128],"as":[16],"the":[17,45,51,83,91,135,155,161],"source.":[18],"The":[19,40,57,72,94,126],"was":[22,47,55,76,114,129,152,168],"found":[23,153],"suitable":[24],"for":[25,154],"such":[26],"an":[27],"application":[28],"since":[29],"it":[30],"is":[31],"high":[32],"power,":[33],"wideband":[34],"(thus":[35,140],"multi-channel)":[36],"and":[37,50,68,86,102,142,145],"frequency":[38],"tunable.":[39],"radiation":[41],"emanating":[42],"directly":[43],"from":[44],"tube":[46],"fairly":[48],"uniform":[49],"divergence":[52],"angle":[53],"(100)":[54],"diffraction-limited.":[56],"pulse":[59],"had":[60],"fast":[62],"risetime":[63],"(10Ons),":[64],"short":[65],"pulsewidth":[66],"(500ns)":[67],"no":[69],"spurious":[70],"oscillations.":[71],"output":[74],"power":[75,95,157,165],"6.7W":[77],"minimum":[78],"(possibly":[79],"~6.7kW":[80],"due":[81],"to":[82,105,116,123,158,170],"detector":[84],"saturation":[85],"400kW":[87],"input":[88],"power)":[89],"at":[90,99],"V-band":[92],"(50-75GHz).":[93],"levels":[96],"were":[97],"similar":[98],"lower":[100],"bands":[101],"constant":[103],"up":[104,122],"10Hz":[106],"of":[107,119,134],"repetition":[108],"frequency.":[109],"An":[110],"innovative":[111],"DC-DC":[112],"converter":[113],"used":[115],"amplify":[117],"24V":[118],"battery":[120],"potential":[121],"1000":[124],"times.":[125],"characterized":[130],"simultaneous":[132],"measurements":[133],"applied":[136],"voltage,":[137],"discharge":[138,162],"current":[139],"input-power":[141],"plasma-resistance),":[143],"luminousity":[144],"wave":[146],"signal.":[147],"linear":[149],"scaling":[150],"law":[151],"mm-wave":[156],"increase":[159],"with":[160,166,173],"current.":[163],"Output":[164],"hydrogen":[167],"twice":[169],"that":[171],"observed":[172],"air":[174],"or":[175],"nitrogen":[176],"working":[177],"gases.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}