{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2017362191","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1716.2008.01832.x","title":"Structural and functional evolution of gonadotropin\u2010releasing hormone in vertebrates","display_name":"Structural and functional evolution of gonadotropin\u2010releasing hormone in vertebrates","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-02-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2017362191","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1716.2008.01832.x","mag":"2017362191","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18284378"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.2008.01832.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1716.2008.01832.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1716.2008.01832.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S204890612","display_name":"Acta Physiologica","issn_l":"1748-1708","issn":["1748-1708","1748-1716"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Acta Physiologica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W2017362191"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007750182","display_name":"Kataaki Okubo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4178-3094","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4178-3094"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138804964","display_name":"National Institute for Basic Biology","ror":"https://ror.org/05q8wtt20","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319490839","https://openalex.org/I138804964","https://openalex.org/I199525922"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Okubo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan. okubo@nibb.ac.jp","Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan. okubo@nibb.ac.jp","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138804964"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138804964"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111984532","display_name":"Yoshitaka Nagahama","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138804964","display_name":"National Institute for Basic Biology","ror":"https://ror.org/05q8wtt20","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319490839","https://openalex.org/I138804964","https://openalex.org/I199525922"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y. Nagahama","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138804964"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138804964"],"apc_list":{"value":5150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5150},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.647,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":279,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94057377,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"193","issue":"1","first_page":"3","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10960","display_name":"Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2743","display_name":"Reproductive Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10960","display_name":"Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2743","display_name":"Reproductive Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11505","display_name":"Reproductive biology and impacts on aquatic species","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1314","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10814","display_name":"Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gonadotropin-releasing-hormone","display_name":"gonadotropin-releasing hormone","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnrh1","display_name":"GnRH1","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnrh2","display_name":"GnRH2","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnrh3","display_name":"GnRH3","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuropeptide-evolution","display_name":"neuropeptide evolution","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/whole-genome-doubling","display_name":"whole-genome duplication","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-loss","display_name":"gene loss","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subfunctionalization","display_name":"subfunctionalization","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paralogs","display_name":"paralogs","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vertebrate-reproduction","display_name":"vertebrate reproduction","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teleosts","display_name":"teleosts","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromodulation","display_name":"neuromodulation","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reproductive-behavior","display_name":"reproductive behavior","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparative-genomics","display_name":"comparative genomics","score":0.6919999718666077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.8527768850326538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778961482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25241","display_name":"Vertebrate","level":3,"score":0.8412909507751465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7602840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746284","display_name":"Gene duplication","level":3,"score":0.6836538314819336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776817793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6553369","display_name":"Lineage (genetic)","level":3,"score":0.6536644697189331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.5428116917610168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141231307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7020","display_name":"Genome","level":3,"score":0.48953327536582947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.47370120882987976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776878037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169444","display_name":"Zebrafish","level":3,"score":0.43299734592437744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.38430678844451904}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000595","descriptor_name":"Amino Acid Sequence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007987","descriptor_name":"Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007987","descriptor_name":"Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008969","descriptor_name":"Molecular Sequence Data","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012098","descriptor_name":"Reproduction","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012098","descriptor_name":"Reproduction","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013045","descriptor_name":"Species Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013329","descriptor_name":"Structure-Activity Relationship","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014714","descriptor_name":"Vertebrates","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014714","descriptor_name":"Vertebrates","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019143","descriptor_name":"Evolution, Molecular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020440","descriptor_name":"Gene Duplication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.2008.01832.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1716.2008.01832.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1716.2008.01832.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S204890612","display_name":"Acta Physiologica","issn_l":"1748-1708","issn":["1748-1708","1748-1716"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Acta Physiologica","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:18284378","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18284378","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Acta physiologica (Oxford, England)","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":143,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W131467319","https://openalex.org/W1525692560","https://openalex.org/W1528634868","https://openalex.org/W1564095880","https://openalex.org/W1949137771","https://openalex.org/W1963686255","https://openalex.org/W1964074947","https://openalex.org/W1964398305","https://openalex.org/W1965256919","https://openalex.org/W1968084526","https://openalex.org/W1968087729","https://openalex.org/W1971569152","https://openalex.org/W1972433047","https://openalex.org/W1972536915","https://openalex.org/W1972769945","https://openalex.org/W1973116256","https://openalex.org/W1979680271","https://openalex.org/W1980567548","https://openalex.org/W1982202404","https://openalex.org/W1982865794","https://openalex.org/W1983000366","https://openalex.org/W1985443805","https://openalex.org/W1986336013","https://openalex.org/W1988576006","https://openalex.org/W1988811056","https://openalex.org/W1990000010","https://openalex.org/W1994117869","https://openalex.org/W1994775100","https://openalex.org/W1996265572","https://openalex.org/W1997346770","https://openalex.org/W1997836927","https://openalex.org/W1998404051","https://openalex.org/W1999266526","https://openalex.org/W1999288231","https://openalex.org/W1999831093","https://openalex.org/W2000884891","https://openalex.org/W2001016735","https://openalex.org/W2001489389","https://openalex.org/W2002262665","https://openalex.org/W2002788608","https://openalex.org/W2004712952","https://openalex.org/W2004746698","https://openalex.org/W2008208329","https://openalex.org/W2008557047","https://openalex.org/W2008634192","https://openalex.org/W2008981975","https://openalex.org/W2010099444","https://openalex.org/W2011123639","https://openalex.org/W2011212644","https://openalex.org/W2011628869","https://openalex.org/W2011664306","https://openalex.org/W2012339217","https://openalex.org/W2014841002","https://openalex.org/W2015390387","https://openalex.org/W2017912761","https://openalex.org/W2020055321","https://openalex.org/W2020197424","https://openalex.org/W2020944991","https://openalex.org/W2023364484","https://openalex.org/W2024776674","https://openalex.org/W2026093216","https://openalex.org/W2026233268","https://openalex.org/W2026889057","https://openalex.org/W2028605066","https://openalex.org/W2029659957","https://openalex.org/W2032466162","https://openalex.org/W2033220032","https://openalex.org/W2035723123","https://openalex.org/W2036490365","https://openalex.org/W2036911930","https://openalex.org/W2037260832","https://openalex.org/W2040449631","https://openalex.org/W2041636439","https://openalex.org/W2042547360","https://openalex.org/W2043064256","https://openalex.org/W2043876587","https://openalex.org/W2044648944","https://openalex.org/W2046387057","https://openalex.org/W2046938043","https://openalex.org/W2047267343","https://openalex.org/W2047861691","https://openalex.org/W2049329708","https://openalex.org/W2055327141","https://openalex.org/W2056411565","https://openalex.org/W2057513731","https://openalex.org/W2057829363","https://openalex.org/W2058371700","https://openalex.org/W2061789816","https://openalex.org/W2061798913","https://openalex.org/W2065625184","https://openalex.org/W2066576253","https://openalex.org/W2070507478","https://openalex.org/W2070766221","https://openalex.org/W2072629570","https://openalex.org/W2074185922","https://openalex.org/W2074664823","https://openalex.org/W2075157222","https://openalex.org/W2080829357","https://openalex.org/W2081148064","https://openalex.org/W2082011509","https://openalex.org/W2084757524","https://openalex.org/W2085141597","https://openalex.org/W2087629196","https://openalex.org/W2089670528","https://openalex.org/W2091095324","https://openalex.org/W2092210788","https://openalex.org/W2093500419","https://openalex.org/W2095575977","https://openalex.org/W2097336373","https://openalex.org/W2099495602","https://openalex.org/W2099519823","https://openalex.org/W2103876184","https://openalex.org/W2112388609","https://openalex.org/W2117556333","https://openalex.org/W2118107593","https://openalex.org/W2125221655","https://openalex.org/W2125446190","https://openalex.org/W2130653478","https://openalex.org/W2131718170","https://openalex.org/W2134078345","https://openalex.org/W2135123683","https://openalex.org/W2136397734","https://openalex.org/W2137190953","https://openalex.org/W2137761461","https://openalex.org/W2139444740","https://openalex.org/W2140340130","https://openalex.org/W2140651496","https://openalex.org/W2144907555","https://openalex.org/W2145164089","https://openalex.org/W2147454094","https://openalex.org/W2148376451","https://openalex.org/W2152448788","https://openalex.org/W2152988989","https://openalex.org/W2153083446","https://openalex.org/W2156340468","https://openalex.org/W2156824476","https://openalex.org/W2158179206","https://openalex.org/W2159793257","https://openalex.org/W2165857448","https://openalex.org/W2169001309","https://openalex.org/W2171708111","https://openalex.org/W2316175428","https://openalex.org/W4230106050"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2133147677","https://openalex.org/W2034722101","https://openalex.org/W3217138901","https://openalex.org/W2058027613","https://openalex.org/W2058803523","https://openalex.org/W1982202404","https://openalex.org/W2085438450","https://openalex.org/W2015390387","https://openalex.org/W2033220032"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,175],"neuropeptide":[1],"gonadotropin-releasing":[2],"hormone":[3],"(GnRH)":[4],"has":[5,44,79,91,100,126,154,188,223],"a":[6,95,218],"central":[7],"role":[8],"in":[9,28,30,58,74,83,108,116,130,138,159,215],"the":[10,31,46,59,66,117,139,142,148,151,170,183,190,228],"neural":[11],"control":[12],"of":[13,21,33,42,48,68,122,141,185,193,227],"vertebrate":[14,60,75,132],"reproduction.":[15],"This":[16],"review":[17],"describes":[18],"an":[19,104,109],"overview":[20],"what":[22],"is":[23],"currently":[24],"known":[25],"about":[26],"GnRH":[27,53,143,177,222],"vertebrates":[29],"context":[32],"its":[34,114,235],"structural":[35],"and":[36,56,195,204],"functional":[37],"evolution.":[38,76],"A":[39,120],"large":[40],"body":[41],"evidence":[43],"demonstrated":[45],"existence":[47],"three":[49],"paralogous":[50,124,219],"genes":[51,125,178],"for":[52,221],"(GnRH1,":[54],"GnRH2":[55,152,203],"GnRH3)":[57],"lineage.":[61,119],"They":[62],"are":[63],"most":[64],"probably":[65,196],"products":[67],"whole-genome":[69],"duplications":[70],"that":[71,89],"occurred":[72,128],"early":[73],"Although":[77],"GnRH3":[78,90,149,173,205],"been":[80,101,155,224],"identified":[81],"only":[82],"teleosts,":[84],"comparative":[85],"genomic":[86],"analyses":[87],"indicated":[88],"not":[92],"arisen":[93],"from":[94,103],"teleost-specific":[96],"genome":[97,106],"duplication,":[98],"but":[99],"derived":[102],"earlier":[105],"duplication":[107],"ancestral":[110],"vertebrate,":[111],"followed":[112],"by":[113],"loss":[115,121],"tetrapod":[118],"other":[123,197],"also":[127],"independently":[129],"different":[131],"lineages,":[133],"leading":[134],"to":[135,147,167,232],"species-specific":[136],"differences":[137],"organization":[140],"system.":[144],"In":[145],"addition":[146],"gene,":[150],"gene":[153,220],"deleted":[156],"or":[157,172],"silenced":[158],"certain":[160],"mammalian":[161],"species,":[162],"while":[163],"some":[164],"teleosts":[165],"seem":[166],"have":[168,179,207,233],"lost":[169],"GnRH1":[171,187],"gene.":[174],"duplicated":[176],"undergone":[180],"subfunctionalization":[181],"during":[182],"evolution":[184],"vertebrates;":[186],"become":[189],"major":[191],"stimulator":[192],"gonadotropins":[194],"pituitary":[198],"hormones":[199],"as":[200,209],"well,":[201],"whereas":[202],"would":[206],"functioned":[208],"neuromodulators,":[210],"affecting":[211],"reproductive":[212],"behaviour.":[213],"Conversely,":[214],"cases":[216],"where":[217],"lost,":[225],"one":[226],"remaining":[229],"paralogues":[230],"appears":[231],"adopted":[234],"role.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":23}],"updated_date":"2026-11-15T12:55:33.944570","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}