{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2017359265","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2009.02.014","title":"Risk factors for brucellosis in Samarqand Oblast, Uzbekistan","display_name":"Risk factors for brucellosis in Samarqand Oblast, Uzbekistan","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-05-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2017359265","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2009.02.014","mag":"2017359265","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19457689"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2009.02.014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2009.02.014","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2009.02.014","pdf_url":"http://www.ijidonline.com/article/S1201971209001271/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35071406","display_name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","issn_l":"1201-9712","issn":["1201-9712","1878-3511"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"http://www.ijidonline.com/article/S1201971209001271/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109907363","display_name":"Kenneth C. Earhart","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145566","display_name":"Naval Medical Research Unit EURAFCENT","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnk7418","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312537475","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I3130687028","https://openalex.org/I4210145566","https://openalex.org/I4391768141"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth Earhart","raw_affiliation_strings":["US Naval Medical Research Unit No.3 (NAMRU-3), Code 303, PSC 452 Box 5000, FPO AE 09835-0007, Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"US Naval Medical Research Unit No.3 (NAMRU-3), Code 303, PSC 452 Box 5000, FPO AE 09835-0007, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145566"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079635345","display_name":"Sadulla Vafakolov","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sadulla Vafakolov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samarqand Hospital, Samarqand, Uzbekistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samarqand Hospital, Samarqand, Uzbekistan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040689151","display_name":"Nargiza Yarmohamedova","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nargiza Yarmohamedova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samarqand Hospital, Samarqand, Uzbekistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samarqand Hospital, Samarqand, Uzbekistan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Atef Michael","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145566","display_name":"Naval Medical Research Unit EURAFCENT","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnk7418","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312537475","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I3130687028","https://openalex.org/I4210145566","https://openalex.org/I4391768141"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Atef Michael","raw_affiliation_strings":["US Naval Medical Research Unit No.3 (NAMRU-3), Code 303, PSC 452 Box 5000, FPO AE 09835-0007, Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"US Naval Medical Research Unit No.3 (NAMRU-3), Code 303, PSC 452 Box 5000, FPO AE 09835-0007, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145566"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113582995","display_name":"Jeffrey A. Tjaden","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145566","display_name":"Naval Medical Research Unit EURAFCENT","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnk7418","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312537475","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I3130687028","https://openalex.org/I4210145566","https://openalex.org/I4391768141"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey Tjaden","raw_affiliation_strings":["US Naval Medical Research Unit No.3 (NAMRU-3), Code 303, PSC 452 Box 5000, FPO AE 09835-0007, Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"US Naval Medical Research Unit No.3 (NAMRU-3), Code 303, PSC 452 Box 5000, FPO AE 09835-0007, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145566"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112134199","display_name":"Atef Kamal Soliman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3944-7712","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3944-7712"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145566","display_name":"Naval Medical Research Unit EURAFCENT","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnk7418","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312537475","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I3130687028","https://openalex.org/I4210145566","https://openalex.org/I4391768141"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Atef Soliman","raw_affiliation_strings":["US Naval Medical Research Unit No.3 (NAMRU-3), Code 303, PSC 452 Box 5000, FPO AE 09835-0007, Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"US Naval Medical Research Unit No.3 (NAMRU-3), Code 303, PSC 452 Box 5000, FPO AE 09835-0007, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145566"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112134199"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145566"],"apc_list":{"value":2900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2900},"apc_paid":{"value":2900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2900},"fwci":4.6575,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93416007,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"6","first_page":"749","last_page":"753"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11899","display_name":"Brucella: diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3404","display_name":"Small Animals"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/34","display_name":"Veterinary"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11899","display_name":"Brucella: diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3404","display_name":"Small Animals"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/34","display_name":"Veterinary"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10486","display_name":"Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11560","display_name":"Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-brucellosis","display_name":"human brucellosis","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-factors","display_name":"risk factors","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zoonotic-transmission","display_name":"zoonotic transmission","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/livestock","display_name":"livestock","score":0.5680000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raw-milk-consumption","display_name":"raw milk consumption","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-residence","display_name":"rural residence","score":0.4970000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/household-transmission","display_name":"household transmission","score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brucellosis","display_name":"brucellosis","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-health-education","display_name":"public health education","score":0.8560000061988831}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781429187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156050","display_name":"Brucellosis","level":2,"score":0.953620195388794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.4059847295284271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.380563348531723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3512849807739258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.32763659954071045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42972112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170201","display_name":"Veterinary medicine","level":1,"score":0.19808462262153625}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000383","descriptor_name":"Agriculture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000829","descriptor_name":"Animals, Domestic","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002002","descriptor_name":"Brucella","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002002","descriptor_name":"Brucella","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002006","descriptor_name":"Brucellosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002006","descriptor_name":"Brucellosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002006","descriptor_name":"Brucellosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002006","descriptor_name":"Brucellosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000635","qualifier_name":"transmission","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011795","descriptor_name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012621","descriptor_name":"Seasons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014610","descriptor_name":"Uzbekistan","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015047","descriptor_name":"Zoonoses","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015047","descriptor_name":"Zoonoses","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015047","descriptor_name":"Zoonoses","qualifier_ui":"Q000635","qualifier_name":"transmission","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2009.02.014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2009.02.014","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2009.02.014","pdf_url":"http://www.ijidonline.com/article/S1201971209001271/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35071406","display_name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","issn_l":"1201-9712","issn":["1201-9712","1878-3511"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19457689","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19457689","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2009.02.014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2009.02.014","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2009.02.014","pdf_url":"http://www.ijidonline.com/article/S1201971209001271/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35071406","display_name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","issn_l":"1201-9712","issn":["1201-9712","1878-3511"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9940000176429749,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"score":0.6735000014305115,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306078","display_name":"U.S. Department of Defense","ror":"https://ror.org/0447fe631"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2017359265.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2017359265.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W104042026","https://openalex.org/W2006614217","https://openalex.org/W2014675358","https://openalex.org/W2033397496","https://openalex.org/W2035094893","https://openalex.org/W2110271788","https://openalex.org/W2408920513"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2119980490","https://openalex.org/W2934256861","https://openalex.org/W4296185102","https://openalex.org/W3202580299","https://openalex.org/W2106279814","https://openalex.org/W2315804266","https://openalex.org/W2046133932","https://openalex.org/W2903473845","https://openalex.org/W4387341243","https://openalex.org/W1554678876"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVES:":[0],"This":[1],"study":[2],"was":[3,117],"conducted":[4],"to":[5,23,205],"identify":[6],"the":[7,85,108,146,167,179,211],"potential":[8],"risk":[9,212],"factors":[10],"for":[11,61,78],"human":[12],"brucellosis":[13,116,165,182],"infection":[14,63],"in":[15,43,145,160,183],"Samarqand,":[16],"Uzbekistan.":[17],"METHODS:":[18],"Clinically":[19],"identified":[20],"cases":[21],"admitted":[22],"different":[24],"hospitals":[25],"during":[26,107],"2004-2006":[27],"(N=144),":[28],"and":[29,32,50,55,69,80,102,158,209],"age-,":[30],"sex-":[31],"residence-matched":[33],"control":[34],"patients":[35,87],"(N=288)":[36],"with":[37,75,88,120,122],"other":[38],"unrelated":[39],"conditions,":[40],"were":[41,48,57,73,98,105],"included":[42],"this":[44],"study.":[45],"Structured":[46],"questionnaires":[47],"completed":[49],"consent":[51],"forms":[52],"signed.":[53],"Patients":[54],"controls":[56],"tested":[58],"on":[59],"site":[60],"Brucella":[62],"by":[64],"standard":[65],"tube":[66],"agglutination":[67],"test":[68],"culture.":[70],"Statistical":[71],"analyses":[72],"performed":[74],"Stata":[76],"software":[77],"univariate":[79],"multivariate":[81],"analysis.":[82],"RESULTS:":[83],"Among":[84],"144":[86],"confirmed":[89],"brucellosis,":[90],"137":[91],"(95.1%)":[92],"owned":[93],"farm":[94,207],"animals,":[95],"135":[96],"(93.8%)":[97],"from":[99],"rural":[100],"areas,":[101],"119":[103],"(82.6%)":[104],"enrolled":[106],"animal":[109],"breeding":[110],"season.":[111],"Multivariate":[112],"analysis":[113],"indicated":[114],"that":[115,163],"highly":[118],"associated":[119],"contact":[121],"aborted":[123],"animals":[124,138,208],"(adjusted":[125],"matched":[126],"odds":[127],"ratio":[128],"(AMOR)":[129],"87.19,":[130],"95%":[131,141,154,172],"confidence":[132],"interval":[133],"(CI)":[134],"9.36-911.85;":[135],"p<0.001),":[136],"slaughtering/butchering":[137],"(AMOR":[139,152,170],"35.35,":[140],"CI":[142,155,173],"6.25-199.77;":[143],"p<0.001)":[144],"household,":[147],"consumption":[148],"of":[149,181,213],"raw":[150],"milk":[151],"54.13,":[153],"1.98-1476.13;":[156],"p=0.018),":[157],"being":[159],"a":[161],"family":[162],"had":[164],"sharing":[166],"same":[168],"exposure":[169,204],"15.93,":[171],"1.37-184.97;":[174],"p=0.027).":[175],"CONCLUSIONS:":[176],"To":[177],"reduce":[178,210],"burden":[180],"Samarqand":[184],"Oblast,":[185],"veterinary":[186],"services":[187],"should":[188,196],"be":[189,197],"improved.":[190],"Also":[191],"public":[192],"health":[193],"education":[194],"programs":[195],"increased.":[198],"Implementing":[199],"these":[200],"measures":[201],"will":[202],"minimize":[203],"infected":[206],"infection.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}