{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2017359237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1332/030557398782025691","title":"Employment Equity Policies in Canada and the Netherlands: enhancing minority employment between public controversy and market initiative","display_name":"Employment Equity Policies in Canada and the Netherlands: enhancing minority employment between public controversy and market initiative","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2017359237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1332/030557398782025691","mag":"2017359237"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1332/030557398782025691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1332/030557398782025691","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1332/030557398782025691","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S17167983","display_name":"Policy & Politics","issn_l":"0305-5736","issn":["0305-5736","1470-8442"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-3","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320460","host_organization_name":"Policy Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320460"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Policy Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Policy &amp; Politics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113677908","display_name":"Folke Glastra","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121797337","display_name":"Leiden University","ror":"https://ror.org/027bh9e22","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Folke Glastra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Learning and Communication in Organisations, Leiden University, The Netherlands","Leiden University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Learning and Communication in Organisations, Leiden University, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leiden University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042450635","display_name":"Petra E. Schedler","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121797337","display_name":"Leiden University","ror":"https://ror.org/027bh9e22","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Petra Schedler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Learning and Communication in Organisations, Leiden University, The Netherlands","Leiden University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Learning and Communication in Organisations, Leiden University, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leiden University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083094078","display_name":"Erik Kats","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121797337","display_name":"Leiden University","ror":"https://ror.org/027bh9e22","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erik Kats","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Learning and Communication in Organisations, Leiden University, The Netherlands","Leiden University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Learning and Communication in Organisations, Leiden University, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leiden University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7614,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90991068,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"2","first_page":"163","last_page":"176"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13911","display_name":"Employment, Labor, and Gender Studies","score":0.4083999991416931,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13911","display_name":"Employment, Labor, and Gender Studies","score":0.4083999991416931,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13989","display_name":"Labour Market and Migration","score":0.12080000340938568,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10216","display_name":"Migration, Refugees, and Integration","score":0.11550000309944153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employment-equity","display_name":"employment equity","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnic-minorities","display_name":"ethnic minorities","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minority-employment","display_name":"minority employment","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canada","display_name":"Canada","score":0.45899999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/netherlands","display_name":"Netherlands","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontario","display_name":"Ontario","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employers-associations","display_name":"employers' associations","score":0.3659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-unions","display_name":"trade unions","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diversity-management","display_name":"diversity management","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiculturalism","display_name":"multiculturalism","score":0.7900000214576721}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199728807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2578557","display_name":"Equity (law)","level":2,"score":0.6844974160194397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.5136498808860779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5077272653579712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.4722385108470917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542530943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190656","display_name":"Multiculturalism","level":2,"score":0.44185835123062134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.3701293468475342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.32187724113464355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.31864458322525024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.17150384187698364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0939929187297821}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1332/030557398782025691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1332/030557398782025691","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1332/030557398782025691","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S17167983","display_name":"Policy & Politics","issn_l":"0305-5736","issn":["0305-5736","1470-8442"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-3","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320460","host_organization_name":"Policy Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320460"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Policy Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Policy &amp; Politics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.9036999940872192,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"},{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.7297000288963318,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"},{"display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.6025999784469604,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.7200000286102295,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2088467982","https://openalex.org/W2069854262","https://openalex.org/W2542910609","https://openalex.org/W4243689112","https://openalex.org/W7208327504","https://openalex.org/W2338916824","https://openalex.org/W2947156650","https://openalex.org/W2037295707","https://openalex.org/W4252252099","https://openalex.org/W4248407115"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"English":[0],"Time":[1],"and":[2,36,57,61,107,112,133,152,159],"again":[3],"employment":[4,143],"statistics":[5],"document":[6],"the":[7,15,54,81,89,99,117,131,140,156],"marginal":[8],"position":[9],"of":[10,77,92,98,102,119,135,142,162],"(ethnic)":[11],"minority":[12,78],"groups":[13,38,79],"within":[14],"labour":[16,82,153],"force":[17],"in":[18,80,105,110],"Western":[19],"multicultural":[20],"nation":[21],"states.":[22],"There":[23],"seems":[24],"to":[25,52,71],"be":[26,43],"a":[27],"broad,":[28],"if":[29],"differently":[30],"motivated,":[31],"consensus":[32],"among":[33],"politicians,":[34],"employers":[35],"pressure":[37],"that":[39],"this":[40,122],"situation":[41],"cannot":[42],"prolonged":[44],"with":[45],"impunity.":[46],"However,":[47],"where":[48],"it":[49],"comes":[50],"down":[51],"indicating":[53],"underlying":[55],"causes":[56],"defining":[58],"adequate":[59],"solutions":[60],"policies,":[62],"shared":[63],"concern":[64],"quickly":[65],"dissolves":[66],"into":[67],"controversy.":[68],"Legal":[69],"measures":[70],"stimulate":[72],"or":[73,155],"ensure":[74],"proportional":[75],"representation":[76],"process":[83],"are,":[84],"more":[85,108,157],"often":[86],"than":[87],"not,":[88],"focal":[90],"points":[91],"such":[93,145],"social":[94],"disputes.":[95],"A":[96],"reconstruction":[97],"historical":[100],"development":[101],"equity":[103],"policies":[104],"Canada,":[106],"specifically":[109],"Ontario,":[111],"The":[113],"Netherlands":[114],"may":[115],"clarify":[116],"nature":[118],"resistance":[120],"against":[121],"controversial":[123],"approach.":[124],"It":[125],"also":[126],"sheds":[127],"some":[128],"light":[129],"on":[130,139],"possibilities":[132],"limitations":[134],"alternative":[136],"strategies":[137],"impinging":[138],"history":[141],"equity,":[144],"as":[146],"voluntary":[147],"efforts":[148],"by":[149],"employers\u2019":[150],"organisations":[151],"unions,":[154],"decentralised":[158],"business-based":[160],"practices":[161],"\u2018managing":[163],"diversity\u2019.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
