{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2017302279","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01944366108978452","title":"The Balanced Community: Homogeneity or Heterogeneity in Residential Areas?","display_name":"The Balanced Community: Homogeneity or Heterogeneity in Residential Areas?","publication_year":1961,"publication_date":"1961-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2017302279","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01944366108978452","mag":"2017302279"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/01944366108978452","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01944366108978452","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01944366108978452","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179328","display_name":"Journal of the American Institute of Planners","issn_l":"0002-8991","issn":["0002-8991","2376-7871"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Institute of Planners","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109903059","display_name":"Herbert J. Gans","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Herbert J. Gans","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109903059"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":21.7859,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":138,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98785846,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"3","first_page":"176","last_page":"184"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11645","display_name":"Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies","score":0.9678000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11645","display_name":"Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies","score":0.9678000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10239","display_name":"Urban Planning and Governance","score":0.018400000408291817,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12273","display_name":"Latin American Urban Studies","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-heterogeneity","display_name":"population heterogeneity","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residential-areas","display_name":"residential areas","score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-inequality","display_name":"social inequality","score":0.47099998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-inequality","display_name":"economic inequality","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-taxation","display_name":"local taxation","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-service","display_name":"community service","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metropolitan-planning","display_name":"metropolitan planning","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/means-and-ends","display_name":"means and ends","score":0.7099999785423279}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158739034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1907114","display_name":"Metropolitan area","level":2,"score":0.7095925211906433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.6542271375656128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5915114879608154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5493159890174866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.454453706741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142259097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891314","display_name":"Homogeneity (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.45337575674057007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.3877888321876526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.37995630502700806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.354706346988678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.3482363820075989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.32082900404930115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2853357791900635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2836114168167114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.09786969423294067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.06888911128044128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/01944366108978452","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01944366108978452","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01944366108978452","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179328","display_name":"Journal of the American Institute of Planners","issn_l":"0002-8991","issn":["0002-8991","2376-7871"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Institute of Planners","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8787999749183655},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7578999996185303}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.5199999809265137},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty","score":0.41999998688697815}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2906725511","https://openalex.org/W1657993415","https://openalex.org/W2001807431","https://openalex.org/W2191367086","https://openalex.org/W2065892185","https://openalex.org/W2354737488","https://openalex.org/W4255482777","https://openalex.org/W7095219657","https://openalex.org/W2984357591","https://openalex.org/W2019184571"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,143],"discussioiz":[1],"of":[2,23,26,34,47,59,73,90,103,113,149],"the":[3,20,24,27,60,71,87,101,110,115,150,173],"relation":[4],"between":[5],"population":[6,38,65,151],"homogeneity":[7],"and":[8,50,118,127,155],"social-life":[9],"values,":[10],"begun":[11],"in":[12,100,123,158,169,172],"an":[13],"earlier":[14],"article,":[15],"is":[16,78,86,107],"here":[17],"extended":[18],"to":[19,96,132,152],"larger":[21],"question":[22],"desirability":[25],"balanced,":[28],"or":[29,53],"heterogeneous,":[30],"community.":[31],"A":[32],"number":[33],"planners":[35,128],"have":[36],"advocated":[37],"heterogeneity":[39,66,77,168],"as":[40,81,83],"a":[41,159],"means":[42,112],"for":[43,146],"achieving":[44],"four":[45],"sets":[46],"cultural,":[48],"political,":[49],"educational":[51],"ends":[52],"values.":[54,75],"This":[55],"article":[56],"discusses":[57],"each":[58],"means-ends":[61],"relationships,":[62],"concluding":[63],"that":[64,138],"contributes":[67],"relatively":[68],"little":[69],"toivard":[70],"achievement":[72],"these":[74],"Nevertheless,":[76],"desirable,":[79],"because":[80],"long":[82],"local":[84],"taxation":[85],"main":[88],"support":[89],"community":[91,104],"services,":[92],"it":[93],"will":[94,139],"help":[95],"prevent":[97],"undesirable":[98],"inequalities":[99],"level":[102],"services.":[105],"It":[106],"not,":[108],"however,":[109],"best":[111],"alleviating":[114],"glaring":[116],"social":[117,154],"economic":[119],"inequality":[120],"noiv":[121],"rampant":[122],"most":[124],"metropolitan":[125],"areas,":[126],"are":[129],"therefore":[130],"urged":[131],"place":[133],"greater":[134,167],"emphasis":[135],"on":[136],"policies":[137],"reduce":[140],"this":[141],"inequality.":[142],"increased":[144],"opportunity":[145],"all":[147],"sectors":[148],"make":[153],"cultural":[156],"choices":[157],"more":[160],"cqualitarian":[161],"society":[162],"may":[163],"also":[164],"bring":[165],"about":[166],"residential":[170],"areas":[171],"future.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}