{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2017279636","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/v2081603","title":"Macrophages and Cell-Cell Spread of HIV-1","display_name":"Macrophages and Cell-Cell Spread of HIV-1","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-08-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2017279636","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/v2081603","mag":"2017279636","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21552427","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3088113"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/v2081603","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/v2081603","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/v2081603","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/2/8/1603/pdf?version=1431414577","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S55776271","display_name":"Viruses","issn_l":"1999-4915","issn":["1999-4915"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Viruses","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/2/8/1603/pdf?version=1431414577","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045580491","display_name":"Kayoko Waki","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140884","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210140884"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kayoko Waki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140884"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054660762","display_name":"Eric O. Freed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3345-022X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3345-022X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140884","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210140884"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eric O. Freed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140884"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054660762"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140884"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":1.6372,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81553885,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"8","first_page":"1603","last_page":"1620"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10112","display_name":"HIV Research and Treatment","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2406","display_name":"Virology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10112","display_name":"HIV Research and Treatment","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2406","display_name":"Virology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10526","display_name":"HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-1","display_name":"HIV-1","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macrophages","display_name":"macrophages","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-to-cell-spread","display_name":"cell-to-cell transmission","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viral-spread","display_name":"viral spread","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viral-reservoir","display_name":"viral reservoir","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-brain-barrier","display_name":"blood-brain barrier","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytopathic-effect","display_name":"cytopathic effect","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/t-cells","display_name":"T cells","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-pathogenesis","display_name":"HIV pathogenesis","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aids-progression","display_name":"AIDS progression","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antiretroviral-therapy","display_name":"antiretroviral therapy","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-vaccine","display_name":"HIV vaccine","score":0.7799999713897705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780942790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372016","display_name":"Pathogenesis","level":2,"score":0.7622256278991699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.5613345503807068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.5498231053352356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.5424277782440186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779244956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184204","display_name":"Macrophage","level":3,"score":0.5352310538291931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.531904935836792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1491633281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7868","display_name":"Cell","level":2,"score":0.529973030090332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5133839845657349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.4741458594799042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.15651562809944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.06965813040733337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/v2081603","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/v2081603","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/v2081603","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/2/8/1603/pdf?version=1431414577","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S55776271","display_name":"Viruses","issn_l":"1999-4915","issn":["1999-4915"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Viruses","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2099004","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3088113","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3088113","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3088113","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Viruses","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:21552427","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21552427","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Viruses","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.290.5718","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.290.5718","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/04/0d/Viruses_2010_Aug_5_2(8)_1603-1620.tar.gz","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f579ce0b71b44cc9aeb50df3400fe047","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f579ce0b71b44cc9aeb50df3400fe047","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Viruses, Vol 2, Iss 8, Pp 1603-1620 (2010)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/v2081603","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/v2081603","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/v2081603","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/2/8/1603/pdf?version=1431414577","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S55776271","display_name":"Viruses","issn_l":"1999-4915","issn":["1999-4915"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Viruses","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9537000060081482}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000871700","display_name":"HIV-1 Maturation Inhibitors and Capsid Inhibitors","funder_award_id":"ZIABC010778","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2017279636.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2017279636.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":99,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W116133847","https://openalex.org/W1557952727","https://openalex.org/W1560080751","https://openalex.org/W1562441478","https://openalex.org/W1594514074","https://openalex.org/W1723922714","https://openalex.org/W1840537526","https://openalex.org/W1965157736","https://openalex.org/W1966676434","https://openalex.org/W1967097739","https://openalex.org/W1973998752","https://openalex.org/W1974013150","https://openalex.org/W1978299374","https://openalex.org/W1978461631","https://openalex.org/W1991586131","https://openalex.org/W1993232578","https://openalex.org/W1998392341","https://openalex.org/W1999678180","https://openalex.org/W2002381405","https://openalex.org/W2002896157","https://openalex.org/W2003304697","https://openalex.org/W2014047335","https://openalex.org/W2014983646","https://openalex.org/W2020190490","https://openalex.org/W2021500400","https://openalex.org/W2021657931","https://openalex.org/W2023916724","https://openalex.org/W2023995363","https://openalex.org/W2025698648","https://openalex.org/W2026480767","https://openalex.org/W2027209056","https://openalex.org/W2030091131","https://openalex.org/W2030541908","https://openalex.org/W2031983597","https://openalex.org/W2033989483","https://openalex.org/W2034030579","https://openalex.org/W2041950326","https://openalex.org/W2043409853","https://openalex.org/W2050070282","https://openalex.org/W2051695714","https://openalex.org/W2053584325","https://openalex.org/W2056949914","https://openalex.org/W2057712924","https://openalex.org/W2058169924","https://openalex.org/W2060380070","https://openalex.org/W2065794926","https://openalex.org/W2066121768","https://openalex.org/W2069818169","https://openalex.org/W2074582729","https://openalex.org/W2076225670","https://openalex.org/W2077057101","https://openalex.org/W2078605959","https://openalex.org/W2081618928","https://openalex.org/W2083889661","https://openalex.org/W2084460699","https://openalex.org/W2087423729","https://openalex.org/W2088757776","https://openalex.org/W2089933294","https://openalex.org/W2090000122","https://openalex.org/W2090123041","https://openalex.org/W2091947935","https://openalex.org/W2092558990","https://openalex.org/W2096234619","https://openalex.org/W2096621401","https://openalex.org/W2100298806","https://openalex.org/W2101098292","https://openalex.org/W2101926858","https://openalex.org/W2108772360","https://openalex.org/W2111552490","https://openalex.org/W2113332127","https://openalex.org/W2114225085","https://openalex.org/W2117134676","https://openalex.org/W2122717735","https://openalex.org/W2127815795","https://openalex.org/W2128620821","https://openalex.org/W2128747738","https://openalex.org/W2130151060","https://openalex.org/W2131622924","https://openalex.org/W2133750999","https://openalex.org/W2134866108","https://openalex.org/W2135955581","https://openalex.org/W2136497694","https://openalex.org/W2137263943","https://openalex.org/W2137870598","https://openalex.org/W2143666216","https://openalex.org/W2147169218","https://openalex.org/W2154235266","https://openalex.org/W2155011421","https://openalex.org/W2156819930","https://openalex.org/W2156903285","https://openalex.org/W2158303756","https://openalex.org/W2159507231","https://openalex.org/W2160139994","https://openalex.org/W2168343203","https://openalex.org/W2171136144","https://openalex.org/W2329729614","https://openalex.org/W4211200857","https://openalex.org/W4249167162","https://openalex.org/W4249774679"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3022283032","https://openalex.org/W7098631088","https://openalex.org/W4391815196","https://openalex.org/W7099140086","https://openalex.org/W4233054315","https://openalex.org/W4407850180","https://openalex.org/W2764006124","https://openalex.org/W2154715621","https://openalex.org/W2224874314","https://openalex.org/W2471028147"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Macrophages":[0],"have":[1],"been":[2],"postulated":[3],"to":[4,17,25,31,47,59,67,72],"play":[5],"an":[6,84],"important":[7],"role":[8],"in":[9,93],"the":[10,19,40,73,87],"pathogenesis":[11,64],"of":[12,42,62,75,86,90],"HIV-1":[13,63],"infection.":[14,37],"Their":[15],"ability":[16],"cross":[18],"blood-brain":[20],"barrier":[21],"and":[22,65,69,77],"their":[23],"resistance":[24],"virus-induced":[26],"cytopathic":[27],"effects":[28],"allows":[29],"them":[30],"serve":[32],"as":[33,51],"reservoirs":[34],"for":[35],"long-term":[36],"Thus,":[38],"exploring":[39],"mechanisms":[41],"virus":[43],"transmission":[44,92],"from":[45],"macrophages":[46,53],"target":[48],"cells":[49],"such":[50],"other":[52],"or":[54],"T":[55],"lymphocytes":[56],"is":[57,70],"central":[58],"our":[60],"understanding":[61,89],"progression":[66],"AIDS,":[68],"vital":[71],"development":[74],"vaccines":[76],"novel":[78],"antiretroviral":[79],"therapies.":[80],"This":[81],"review":[82],"provides":[83],"overview":[85],"current":[88],"cell-cell":[91],"macrophages.":[94]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
