{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2017195594","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0242-2","title":"The Effects of Protein Supplements on Muscle Mass, Strength, and Aerobic and Anaerobic Power in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review","display_name":"The Effects of Protein Supplements on Muscle Mass, Strength, and Aerobic and Anaerobic Power in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-08-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2017195594","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0242-2","mag":"2017195594","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25169440"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40279-014-0242-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0242-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0242-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137994755","display_name":"Sports Medicine","issn_l":"0112-1642","issn":["0112-1642","1179-2035"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sports Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069762769","display_name":"Stefan M. Pasiakos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5378-5820","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5378-5820"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121067369","display_name":"U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00rg6zq05","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106965489","https://openalex.org/I121067369","https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2802581893"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088792","display_name":"United States Army","ror":"https://ror.org/00afsp483","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210088792"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan M. Pasiakos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), Natick, MA, 01760-5007, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), Natick, MA, 01760-5007, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121067369","https://openalex.org/I4210088792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112706602","display_name":"Tom M. McLellan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tom M. McLellan","raw_affiliation_strings":["TM McLellan Research Inc., 25 Dorman Drive, Stouffville, ON, L4A 8A7, Canada","TM McLellan Research Inc., Stouffville, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TM McLellan Research Inc., 25 Dorman Drive, Stouffville, ON, L4A 8A7, Canada","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"TM McLellan Research Inc., Stouffville, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014750352","display_name":"Harris R. Lieberman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1519-0156","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1519-0156"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121067369","display_name":"U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00rg6zq05","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106965489","https://openalex.org/I121067369","https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2802581893"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088792","display_name":"United States Army","ror":"https://ror.org/00afsp483","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210088792"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harris R. Lieberman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), Natick, MA, 01760-5007, USA","Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), Natick, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), Natick, MA, 01760-5007, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121067369","https://openalex.org/I4210088792"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), Natick, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121067369","https://openalex.org/I4210088792"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112706602"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":5790,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5790},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4346,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":228,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79734848,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"45","issue":"1","first_page":"111","last_page":"131"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11399","display_name":"Muscle metabolism and nutrition","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11399","display_name":"Muscle metabolism and nutrition","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10157","display_name":"Sports Performance and Training","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10397","display_name":"Nutrition and Health in Aging","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-supplements","display_name":"protein supplements","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscle-mass","display_name":"muscle mass","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscle-strength","display_name":"muscle strength","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscle-hypertrophy","display_name":"muscle hypertrophy","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerobic-power","display_name":"aerobic power","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anaerobic-power","display_name":"anaerobic power","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistance-training","display_name":"resistance training","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lean-body-mass","display_name":"lean body mass","score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exercise-performance","display_name":"exercise performance","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-composition","display_name":"body composition","score":0.5180000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/healthy-adults","display_name":"healthy adults","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-intake","display_name":"protein intake","score":0.5090000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-volume-and-intensity","display_name":"training volume and intensity","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximal-aerobic-capacity","display_name":"maximal aerobic capacity","score":0.7960000038146973}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5140985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483866","display_name":"Anaerobic exercise","level":2,"score":0.7389565110206604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103486182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1216236","display_name":"Isometric exercise","level":2,"score":0.632733941078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988918651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048687","display_name":"Muscle strength","level":2,"score":0.5917015671730042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43893838","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840545","display_name":"Sports medicine","level":2,"score":0.5720927715301514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5446842908859253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992343062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048687","display_name":"Muscle mass","level":2,"score":0.5237512588500977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123550912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12834857","display_name":"Strength training","level":2,"score":0.522052526473999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103038586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152037","display_name":"Aerobic exercise","level":2,"score":0.5125644207000732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.5119563341140747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777112482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59603","display_name":"One-repetition maximum","level":3,"score":0.4810955226421356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777861855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q814819","display_name":"Leg press","level":3,"score":0.46627405285835266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153396756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1785966","display_name":"Physical strength","level":2,"score":0.46358275413513184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133165541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q472094","display_name":"Exercise physiology","level":2,"score":0.4453936219215393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77350462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1125472","display_name":"Confounding","level":2,"score":0.4155043959617615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.19769573211669922}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004040","descriptor_name":"Dietary Carbohydrates","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004044","descriptor_name":"Dietary Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010806","descriptor_name":"Physical Education and Training","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018482","descriptor_name":"Muscle, Skeletal","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019587","descriptor_name":"Dietary Supplements","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D053580","descriptor_name":"Muscle Strength","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D054874","descriptor_name":"Athletic Performance","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055070","descriptor_name":"Resistance Training","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40279-014-0242-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0242-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0242-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137994755","display_name":"Sports Medicine","issn_l":"0112-1642","issn":["0112-1642","1179-2035"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sports Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:25169440","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25169440","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9763000011444092,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Systematic Review","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":138,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W79483085","https://openalex.org/W83584631","https://openalex.org/W102836132","https://openalex.org/W130510877","https://openalex.org/W652756502","https://openalex.org/W1546125227","https://openalex.org/W1555755508","https://openalex.org/W1583745581","https://openalex.org/W1607703564","https://openalex.org/W1866808567","https://openalex.org/W1870491531","https://openalex.org/W1928790458","https://openalex.org/W1938320888","https://openalex.org/W1947185004","https://openalex.org/W1948615647","https://openalex.org/W1955688674","https://openalex.org/W1961685256","https://openalex.org/W1962568506","https://openalex.org/W1969177568","https://openalex.org/W1969585600","https://openalex.org/W1969724841","https://openalex.org/W1977184239","https://openalex.org/W1988957363","https://openalex.org/W1990585334","https://openalex.org/W1991526887","https://openalex.org/W1992540396","https://openalex.org/W1997145072","https://openalex.org/W1998914003","https://openalex.org/W2000874586","https://openalex.org/W2007011930","https://openalex.org/W2007065952","https://openalex.org/W2014324641","https://openalex.org/W2014587895","https://openalex.org/W2014796825","https://openalex.org/W2015888828","https://openalex.org/W2018273676","https://openalex.org/W2021595628","https://openalex.org/W2022111631","https://openalex.org/W2023670511","https://openalex.org/W2024597797","https://openalex.org/W2026757321","https://openalex.org/W2029113292","https://openalex.org/W2031622787","https://openalex.org/W2032270524","https://openalex.org/W2032957701","https://openalex.org/W2033139963","https://openalex.org/W2034215255","https://openalex.org/W2035082744","https://openalex.org/W2037554068","https://openalex.org/W2045360870","https://openalex.org/W2048296214","https://openalex.org/W2054555098","https://openalex.org/W2057424383","https://openalex.org/W2060451980","https://openalex.org/W2062871288","https://openalex.org/W2063814953","https://openalex.org/W2067767092","https://openalex.org/W2068095019","https://openalex.org/W2068786163","https://openalex.org/W2074494770","https://openalex.org/W2074648058","https://openalex.org/W2074739421","https://openalex.org/W2077969258","https://openalex.org/W2083073292","https://openalex.org/W2085801739","https://openalex.org/W2090293454","https://openalex.org/W2093051972","https://openalex.org/W2094170206","https://openalex.org/W2096008312","https://openalex.org/W2096684839","https://openalex.org/W2096843679","https://openalex.org/W2097739937","https://openalex.org/W2097876721","https://openalex.org/W2099336033","https://openalex.org/W2100210773","https://openalex.org/W2101250856","https://openalex.org/W2101952919","https://openalex.org/W2102002991","https://openalex.org/W2103759069","https://openalex.org/W2106267206","https://openalex.org/W2107064498","https://openalex.org/W2107305895","https://openalex.org/W2107553666","https://openalex.org/W2110811813","https://openalex.org/W2111020389","https://openalex.org/W2111942374","https://openalex.org/W2112315916","https://openalex.org/W2112970846","https://openalex.org/W2113082753","https://openalex.org/W2114416363","https://openalex.org/W2118596934","https://openalex.org/W2118655579","https://openalex.org/W2120895907","https://openalex.org/W2123829310","https://openalex.org/W2126630498","https://openalex.org/W2128583851","https://openalex.org/W2128695079","https://openalex.org/W2129578522","https://openalex.org/W2135080582","https://openalex.org/W2135334267","https://openalex.org/W2136662789","https://openalex.org/W2136796849","https://openalex.org/W2138083872","https://openalex.org/W2138107413","https://openalex.org/W2138112853","https://openalex.org/W2138452594","https://openalex.org/W2138747913","https://openalex.org/W2138842043","https://openalex.org/W2140154586","https://openalex.org/W2140481109","https://openalex.org/W2143870509","https://openalex.org/W2145598324","https://openalex.org/W2145660772","https://openalex.org/W2146458354","https://openalex.org/W2146556240","https://openalex.org/W2148040059","https://openalex.org/W2148166373","https://openalex.org/W2149660711","https://openalex.org/W2151377402","https://openalex.org/W2160436389","https://openalex.org/W2160605920","https://openalex.org/W2164791001","https://openalex.org/W2164957265","https://openalex.org/W2166596743","https://openalex.org/W2166667211","https://openalex.org/W2169506675","https://openalex.org/W2170092600","https://openalex.org/W2170175926","https://openalex.org/W2170243549","https://openalex.org/W2176166613","https://openalex.org/W2182489686","https://openalex.org/W2182519137","https://openalex.org/W2204132584","https://openalex.org/W2246587455","https://openalex.org/W2285932064","https://openalex.org/W2442168987","https://openalex.org/W2534797410","https://openalex.org/W2970380304"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6990612515","https://openalex.org/W4281783688","https://openalex.org/W4226043671","https://openalex.org/W4414224799","https://openalex.org/W2130390004","https://openalex.org/W4360610141","https://openalex.org/W4409276487","https://openalex.org/W2735395116","https://openalex.org/W2048296214","https://openalex.org/W2063151187"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}