{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2017192760","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.460098","title":"Thermal Considerations in Modern Spectrograph Design: the Binospec spectrograph","display_name":"Thermal Considerations in Modern Spectrograph Design: the Binospec spectrograph","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-03-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2017192760","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.460098","mag":"2017192760"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.460098","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.460098","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.460098","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037161802","display_name":"Warren L. Brown","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153167508","display_name":"Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/04mh52z70","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103187081","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I153167508","https://openalex.org/I4210124175"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124175","display_name":"Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian","ror":"https://ror.org/03c3r2d17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103187081","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210124175"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Warren L. Brown","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr. for Astrophysics (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr. for Astrophysics (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153167508","https://openalex.org/I4210124175"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077543122","display_name":"Daniel G. Fabricant","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1311-4942","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1311-4942"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153167508","display_name":"Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/04mh52z70","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103187081","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I153167508","https://openalex.org/I4210124175"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124175","display_name":"Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian","ror":"https://ror.org/03c3r2d17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103187081","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210124175"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel G. Fabricant","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr. for Astrophysics (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr. for Astrophysics (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153167508","https://openalex.org/I4210124175"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101962478","display_name":"David A. Boyd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0427-5840","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0427-5840"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153167508","display_name":"Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/04mh52z70","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103187081","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I153167508","https://openalex.org/I4210124175"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124175","display_name":"Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian","ror":"https://ror.org/03c3r2d17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103187081","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210124175"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David A. Boyd","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr. for Astrophysics (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr. for Astrophysics (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153167508","https://openalex.org/I4210124175"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"4841","issue":null,"first_page":"1265","last_page":"1265"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12917","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysical Research","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12917","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysical Research","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14158","display_name":"Optical Systems and Laser Technology","score":0.0052999998442828655,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11484","display_name":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","score":0.0026000000070780516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-analysis","display_name":"thermal analysis","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wide-field-spectrograph","display_name":"wide-field spectrograph","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-gradient","display_name":"temperature gradient","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrograph-optics","display_name":"spectrograph optics","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-heat-generation","display_name":"internal heat generation","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instrument-design","display_name":"instrument design","score":0.4169999957084656}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778861254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912034","display_name":"Spectrograph","level":3,"score":0.9566234350204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.44926995038986206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.40017855167388916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.30783534049987793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.30371206998825073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.07290741801261902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4839761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212111","display_name":"Spectral line","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.460098","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.460098","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.460098","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.822.6514","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.822.6514","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/data/Conferences/SPIEP/29163/1265_1.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979718243","https://openalex.org/W1993489127","https://openalex.org/W1996093173"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2092492921","https://openalex.org/W7099079518","https://openalex.org/W3141956605","https://openalex.org/W2052413661","https://openalex.org/W1993489127","https://openalex.org/W6906861172","https://openalex.org/W2909643036","https://openalex.org/W4403608574","https://openalex.org/W2004304432","https://openalex.org/W1978718897"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,44,72,92],"have":[1],"completed":[2],"a":[3,9,34,63,86,90],"detailed":[4],"thermal":[5,98],"analysis":[6,23],"of":[7,21,48,61,85,96],"Binospec,":[8],"wide-field,":[10],"multi-slit":[11],"spectrograph":[12,42,64],"being":[13],"developed":[14],"for":[15],"the":[16,41,46,54,59,82,94],"6.5m":[17],"MMT.":[18],"The":[19],"goals":[20],"our":[22],"were":[24],"to":[25,65,105],"minimize":[26],"temperature":[27],"gradients":[28],"and":[29,32,51,57,81,100],"thermally-induced":[30],"deflections":[31],"achieve":[33],">":[35],"24":[36],"hr":[37],"time":[38],"constant":[39],"in":[40,89],"optics.":[43],"consider":[45],"effects":[47,84],"conduction,":[49],"convection,":[50],"radiation":[52],"with":[53],"external":[55],"environment,":[56],"model":[58],"consequences":[60],"opening":[62],"insert":[66],"new":[67],"slit":[68],"masks":[69],"or":[70],"filters.":[71],"study":[73],"when":[74],"internal":[75],"heat":[76],"sources":[77],"balance":[78],"environmental":[79],"effects,":[80],"local":[83],"hot":[87],"motor":[88],"spectrograph.":[91],"review":[93],"results":[95],"these":[97],"analyses":[99],"draw":[101],"general":[102],"conclusions":[103],"useful":[104],"instrument":[106],"builders.":[107]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
