{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2017160831","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1414146111","title":"Motive attribution asymmetry for love vs. hate drives intractable conflict","display_name":"Motive attribution asymmetry for love vs. hate drives intractable conflict","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-10-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2017160831","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1414146111","mag":"2017160831","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25331879","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4226129"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.1414146111","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1414146111","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1414146111","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4226129","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053211263","display_name":"Adam G. Waytz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9706-6062","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9706-6062"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam Waytz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Management and Organizations, Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management and Organizations, Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080881764","display_name":"Liane Young","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5178-1853","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5178-1853"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103531236","display_name":"Boston College","ror":"https://ror.org/02n2fzt79","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103531236"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liane L. Young","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103531236"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090636072","display_name":"Jeremy Ginges","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2212-5608","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2212-5608"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102179633","display_name":"The New School","ror":"https://ror.org/02tvcev59","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102179633"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeremy Ginges","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, The New School of Social Research, New York, NY 10011","School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; and","School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; and Department of Psychology, The New School of Social Research, New York, NY 10011"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, The New School of Social Research, New York, NY 10011","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102179633"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; and Department of Psychology, The New School of Social Research, New York, NY 10011","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102179633","https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":23.8141,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":134,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99269698,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"111","issue":"44","first_page":"15687","last_page":"15692"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10314","display_name":"Social and Intergroup Psychology","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10314","display_name":"Social and Intergroup Psychology","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12520","display_name":"Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12892","display_name":"Social Power and Status Dynamics","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intractable-conflict","display_name":"intractable conflict","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intergroup-conflict","display_name":"intergroup conflict","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-conflict","display_name":"political conflict","score":0.3619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/israeli-palestinian-conflict","display_name":"Israeli-Palestinian conflict","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partisanship","display_name":"partisanship","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intergroup-aggression","display_name":"intergroup aggression","score":0.5120000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attribution-bias","display_name":"attribution bias","score":0.5849999785423279}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51271553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q842917","display_name":"Outgroup","level":2,"score":0.9661744832992554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107344746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375181","display_name":"Ingroups and outgroups","level":2,"score":0.8452372550964355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10485196","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17091170","display_name":"Group conflict","level":2,"score":0.7556771039962769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87612349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6008637","display_name":"In-group favoritism","level":4,"score":0.7244369983673096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.681627631187439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143299363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900584","display_name":"Attribution","level":2,"score":0.6247895359992981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779448149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191797","display_name":"Aggression","level":2,"score":0.57645183801651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50094484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849538","display_name":"Attribution bias","level":3,"score":0.5394808053970337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5225010514259338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5140910744667053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5063256025314331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107062074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109701697","display_name":"Prejudice (legal term)","level":2,"score":0.4480689465999603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.41118475794792175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3313244581222534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180872759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q874405","display_name":"Social group","level":2,"score":0.25700750946998596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98447023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540351","display_name":"Social identity theory","level":3,"score":0.19999027252197266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.17078831791877747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.11866870522499084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.06764641404151917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.06625306606292725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003220","descriptor_name":"Conflict, Psychological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006252","descriptor_name":"Hate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008149","descriptor_name":"Love","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.1414146111","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1414146111","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1414146111","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3382156","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4226129","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4226129","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4226129","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:25331879","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25331879","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3382156","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4226129","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.8046000003814697}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.4699999988079071}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W73438063","https://openalex.org/W657493551","https://openalex.org/W1574095307","https://openalex.org/W1576965899","https://openalex.org/W1965229241","https://openalex.org/W1967432036","https://openalex.org/W1974339484","https://openalex.org/W1979253720","https://openalex.org/W2000102548","https://openalex.org/W2003677707","https://openalex.org/W2019128188","https://openalex.org/W2021771584","https://openalex.org/W2033959746","https://openalex.org/W2034953542","https://openalex.org/W2038702827","https://openalex.org/W2076863531","https://openalex.org/W2098526396","https://openalex.org/W2100789707","https://openalex.org/W2102513659","https://openalex.org/W2103677264","https://openalex.org/W2109111386","https://openalex.org/W2109312871","https://openalex.org/W2111240301","https://openalex.org/W2117281209","https://openalex.org/W2121212422","https://openalex.org/W2122682494","https://openalex.org/W2128778368","https://openalex.org/W2131019403","https://openalex.org/W2131417876","https://openalex.org/W2133317019","https://openalex.org/W2137699562","https://openalex.org/W2142751464","https://openalex.org/W2143614663","https://openalex.org/W2172101292","https://openalex.org/W2314277314","https://openalex.org/W2480691426","https://openalex.org/W2487170546","https://openalex.org/W2910116249","https://openalex.org/W2942932701","https://openalex.org/W3125619574","https://openalex.org/W4230172633","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4302083345","https://openalex.org/W6602949350"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7033863112","https://openalex.org/W1972681167","https://openalex.org/W4413981073","https://openalex.org/W64344321","https://openalex.org/W2083518963","https://openalex.org/W2034789339","https://openalex.org/W2098760305","https://openalex.org/W6925371596","https://openalex.org/W1967432036","https://openalex.org/W2336059229"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Five":[0],"studies":[1,36],"across":[2],"cultures":[3],"involving":[4],"661":[5],"American":[6,77,163],"Democrats":[7,78,168],"and":[8,12,41,60,79,110,119,125,147,169,184,201,210],"Republicans,":[9],"995":[10],"Israelis,":[11],"1,266":[13],"Palestinians":[14,120],"provide":[15],"previously":[16],"unidentified":[17],"evidence":[18],"of":[19,162,199],"a":[20,222],"fundamental":[21],"bias,":[22],"what":[23],"we":[24,203],"term":[25],"the":[26,97,126,131,160,177],"\"motive":[27],"attribution":[28],"asymmetry,\"":[29],"driving":[30],"seemingly":[31],"intractable":[32],"human":[33,219],"conflict.":[34,134],"These":[35],"show":[37],"that":[38,76,142,166,205],"in":[39,86,130,138,159,175,197],"political":[40,164],"ethnoreligious":[42],"intergroup":[43],"conflict,":[44,165],"adversaries":[45],"tend":[46],"to":[47,53,61,66,88,101,192,212,217],"attribute":[48,62,81,96],"their":[49,63,82,122,194],"own":[50,83,123],"group's":[51,128],"aggression":[52,65],"ingroup":[54,71,89,106],"love":[55,90,200],"more":[56,69,91,104],"than":[57,70,92,105],"outgroup":[58,67,93,102],"hate":[59,68,94,103],"outgroup's":[64],"love.":[72,107],"Study":[73,135],"1":[74],"demonstrates":[75,137],"Republicans":[80,170],"party's":[84,99],"involvement":[85,100,129],"conflict":[87,151,220],"but":[95],"opposing":[98,127,178],"Studies":[108],"2":[109],"3":[111],"demonstrate":[112],"this":[113,143,182,207],"biased":[114],"attributional":[115,208],"pattern":[116],"for":[117,173],"Israelis":[118],"evaluating":[121,176],"group":[124],"current":[132],"regional":[133],"4":[136],"an":[139],"Israeli":[140],"population":[141],"bias":[144,183,209],"increases":[145],"beliefs":[146],"intentions":[148],"associated":[149],"with":[150],"intractability":[152],"toward":[153],"Palestinians.":[154],"Finally,":[155],"study":[156],"5":[157],"demonstrates,":[158],"context":[161],"offering":[167],"financial":[171],"incentives":[172],"accuracy":[174],"party":[179],"can":[180,215],"mitigate":[181],"its":[185],"consequences.":[186],"Although":[187],"people":[188],"find":[189],"it":[190,214],"difficult":[191],"explain":[193],"adversaries'":[195],"actions":[196],"terms":[198],"affiliation,":[202],"suggest":[204],"recognizing":[206],"how":[211],"reduce":[213],"contribute":[216],"reducing":[218],"on":[221],"global":[223],"scale.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}