{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2017087430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevapplied.2.021001","title":"Zinc-Vacancy\u2013Donor Complex: A Crucial Compensating Acceptor in ZnO","display_name":"Zinc-Vacancy\u2013Donor Complex: A Crucial Compensating Acceptor in ZnO","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-08-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2017087430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevapplied.2.021001","mag":"2017087430"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.2.021001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevapplied.2.021001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevapplied.2.021001","pdf_url":"http://link.aps.org/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.2.021001","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764453006","display_name":"Physical Review Applied","issn_l":"2331-7019","issn":["2331-7019","2331-7043"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320261","host_organization_name":"American Physical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Review Applied","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"http://link.aps.org/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.2.021001","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064322540","display_name":"Jan Eric Stehr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7640-8086","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7640-8086"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102134673","display_name":"Link\u00f6ping University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ynxx418","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J.\u2009E. Stehr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Link\u00f6ping University, 581 83 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Link\u00f6ping University, 581 83 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028550921","display_name":"Klaus Magnus Johansen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6268-1740","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6268-1740"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K.\u2009M. Johansen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064380377","display_name":"Tor Svendsen Bj\u00f8rheim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5720-2784","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5720-2784"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T.\u2009S. Bj\u00f8rheim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, N-0318 Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, N-0318 Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050457499","display_name":"Lasse Vines","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5759-7192","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5759-7192"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Vines","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103178177","display_name":"Bengt Gunnar Svensson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B.\u2009G. Svensson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020453892","display_name":"Weimin Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6405-9509","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6405-9509"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102134673","display_name":"Link\u00f6ping University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ynxx418","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W.\u2009M. Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Link\u00f6ping University, 581 83 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Link\u00f6ping University, 581 83 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027722282","display_name":"I. A. Buyanova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7155-7103","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7155-7103"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102134673","display_name":"Link\u00f6ping University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ynxx418","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"I.\u2009A. Buyanova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Link\u00f6ping University, 581 83 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Link\u00f6ping University, 581 83 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027722282","https://openalex.org/A5064322540"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3793,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":69,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88829068,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10090","display_name":"ZnO doping and properties","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10090","display_name":"ZnO doping and properties","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10623","display_name":"Thin-Film Transistor Technologies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10099","display_name":"GaN-based semiconductor devices and materials","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zinc-oxide","display_name":"zinc oxide","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compensating-acceptors","display_name":"compensating acceptors","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shallow-donors","display_name":"shallow donors","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparent-conducting-oxides","display_name":"transparent conducting oxides","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semiconductor-defects","display_name":"semiconductor defects","score":0.5019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aluminum-doped-zinc-oxide","display_name":"Al-doped ZnO","score":0.6420000195503235}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191952053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15119237","display_name":"Dopant","level":3,"score":0.8854065537452698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57863236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130571","display_name":"Doping","level":2,"score":0.7194883227348328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779892579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912138","display_name":"Acceptor","level":2,"score":0.7108427882194519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535196362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q758","display_name":"Zinc","level":2,"score":0.6881026029586792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6527180075645447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114221277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899743","display_name":"Vacancy defect","level":2,"score":0.6379048824310303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780304102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7487278","display_name":"Shallow donor","level":3,"score":0.5664558410644531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108225325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11456","display_name":"Semiconductor","level":2,"score":0.5664193034172058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.4380251467227936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189278905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2157708","display_name":"Wide-bandgap semiconductor","level":2,"score":0.41606244444847107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.4158145487308502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159467904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001702","display_name":"Chemical physics","level":1,"score":0.3579862713813782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.30661627650260925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1549326777458191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.15017250180244446}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.2.021001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevapplied.2.021001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevapplied.2.021001","pdf_url":"http://link.aps.org/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.2.021001","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764453006","display_name":"Physical Review Applied","issn_l":"2331-7019","issn":["2331-7019","2331-7043"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320261","host_organization_name":"American Physical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Review Applied","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:liu-109930","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-109930","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401559","display_name":"KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","host_organization_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/57112","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10852/57112","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064446","display_name":"NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2331-7019","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.2.021001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevapplied.2.021001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevapplied.2.021001","pdf_url":"http://link.aps.org/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.2.021001","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764453006","display_name":"Physical Review Applied","issn_l":"2331-7019","issn":["2331-7019","2331-7043"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320261","host_organization_name":"American Physical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Review Applied","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G224645851","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"621-2010-3971","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322581","funder_display_name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322581","display_name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","ror":"https://ror.org/03zttf063"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323299","display_name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","ror":"https://ror.org/00epmv149"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2017087430.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2017087430.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965246538","https://openalex.org/W1967652077","https://openalex.org/W1974888069","https://openalex.org/W1983811692","https://openalex.org/W1986863890","https://openalex.org/W1988663250","https://openalex.org/W1994794078","https://openalex.org/W1995083936","https://openalex.org/W1999684050","https://openalex.org/W2000357596","https://openalex.org/W2014582896","https://openalex.org/W2018189144","https://openalex.org/W2029413399","https://openalex.org/W2036443397","https://openalex.org/W2037465066","https://openalex.org/W2042623906","https://openalex.org/W2047349658","https://openalex.org/W2050001153","https://openalex.org/W2051038392","https://openalex.org/W2057642696","https://openalex.org/W2077699726","https://openalex.org/W2080600770","https://openalex.org/W2082443316","https://openalex.org/W2087093718","https://openalex.org/W2109622617","https://openalex.org/W2110872931","https://openalex.org/W2111826330","https://openalex.org/W2125679482","https://openalex.org/W2138439073","https://openalex.org/W2325637398","https://openalex.org/W2326629019","https://openalex.org/W2332393369","https://openalex.org/W2736836604"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2907409285","https://openalex.org/W2015152099","https://openalex.org/W7220271730","https://openalex.org/W2073143619","https://openalex.org/W2205479591","https://openalex.org/W7098050706","https://openalex.org/W2331406086","https://openalex.org/W1996760059","https://openalex.org/W1934393473","https://openalex.org/W2519960915"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Zinc":[0],"oxide":[1],"(ZnO)":[2],"is":[3],"one":[4],"of":[5,37,50,65],"the":[6,35,44,57,63],"most":[7],"promising":[8],"transparent":[9],"conducting":[10],"oxides":[11],"for":[12,71],"use":[13],"in":[14],"electronics,":[15],"but":[16],"to":[17],"realize":[18],"its":[19,26,31],"potential":[20],"we":[21],"must":[22],"better":[23],"understand":[24],"how":[25],"semiconductor":[27],"physics":[28],"depends":[29],"on":[30],"material":[32],"properties,":[33],"particularly":[34],"interaction":[36],"defects":[38],"with":[39],"dopants.":[40],"This":[41],"study":[42],"identifies":[43],"Al${}_{Z\\phantom{\\rule{0}{0ex}}n}$-${V}_{Z\\phantom{\\rule{0}{0ex}}n}$":[45],"complex":[46],"as":[47,76],"a":[48],"defect":[49],"crucial":[51],"and":[52,61],"general":[53],"importance":[54],"that":[55],"limits":[56],"$n$-type":[58,74],"doping":[59],"efficiency":[60],"thus":[62],"performance":[64],"ZnO.":[66],"Similar":[67],"effects":[68],"are":[69],"anticipated":[70],"other":[72],"shallow":[73],"dopants":[75],"well.":[77]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}