{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2016872004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2007.91","title":"Coral Disease, Environmental Drivers, and the Balance Between Coral and Microbial Associates","display_name":"Coral Disease, Environmental Drivers, and the Balance Between Coral and Microbial Associates","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2016872004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2007.91","mag":"2016872004"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5670/oceanog.2007.91","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2007.91","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2007.91","pdf_url":"https://tos.org/oceanography/assets/docs/20-1_coral_disease.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S92941125","display_name":"Oceanography","issn_l":"1042-8275","issn":["1042-8275","2377-617X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316871","host_organization_name":"Oceanography Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316871"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oceanography Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Oceanography","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://tos.org/oceanography/assets/docs/20-1_coral_disease.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052709449","display_name":"C. Drew Harvell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8905-9847","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8905-9847"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Drew Harvell","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023158751","display_name":"Eric Jord\u00e1n-Dahlgren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8027-8306","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8027-8306"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Jord\u00e1n-Dahlgren","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110027468","display_name":"Susan M. Merkel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susan Merkel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041624784","display_name":"EUGENE B. ROSENBERG","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6210-8186","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6210-8186"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eugene Rosenberg","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075763947","display_name":"Laurie J. Raymundo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3446-0390","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3446-0390"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laurie Raymundo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111415025","display_name":"Garriet W. Smith","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Garriet Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002387667","display_name":"Ernesto F. Weil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-1584","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-1584"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ernesto Weil","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078349344","display_name":"Bette L. Willis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9341-6448","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9341-6448"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bette Willis","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":500},"apc_paid":{"value":500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":500},"fwci":24.7724,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":537,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99874129,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"1","first_page":"172","last_page":"195"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10341","display_name":"Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10341","display_name":"Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10506","display_name":"Aquaculture disease management and microbiota","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11340","display_name":"Marine Sponges and Natural Products","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1305","display_name":"Biotechnology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coral-disease","display_name":"coral disease","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coral-pathogens","display_name":"coral pathogens","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-factors-in-disease","display_name":"environmental factors in disease","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coral-disease-outbreaks","display_name":"coral disease outbreaks","score":0.5230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-resistance","display_name":"disease resistance","score":0.47200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-anomalies","display_name":"temperature anomalies","score":0.5740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coral-microbiome","display_name":"coral microbiome","score":0.3930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coral-associated-microorganisms","display_name":"coral-associated microorganisms","score":0.5360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathogen-virulence","display_name":"pathogen virulence","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coral-reef-degradation","display_name":"coral reef degradation","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coral-cover-loss","display_name":"coral cover decline","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-quality","display_name":"water quality","score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sedimentation","display_name":"sedimentation","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nutrients","display_name":"nutrients","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/caribbean-coral-reefs","display_name":"Caribbean coral reefs","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/great-barrier-reef","display_name":"Great Barrier Reef","score":0.8529999852180481}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143020374","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2411228","display_name":"Coral","level":2,"score":0.9163857698440552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.46998894214630127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168031717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530280","display_name":"Balance (ability)","level":2,"score":0.4674554467201233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.45877254009246826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.41551458835601807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C505870484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538","display_name":"Fishery","level":1,"score":0.332716166973114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.23457491397857666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.12044063210487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5670/oceanog.2007.91","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2007.91","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2007.91","pdf_url":"https://tos.org/oceanography/assets/docs/20-1_coral_disease.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S92941125","display_name":"Oceanography","issn_l":"1042-8275","issn":["1042-8275","2377-617X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316871","host_organization_name":"Oceanography Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316871"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oceanography Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Oceanography","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:2705","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/2705/1/2705_Harvell_et_al_2007.pdf","pdf_url":"https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/2705/1/2705_Harvell_et_al_2007.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400519","display_name":"ResearchOnline at James Cook University (James Cook University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I86467917","host_organization_name":"James Cook University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86467917"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5670/oceanog.2007.91","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2007.91","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2007.91","pdf_url":"https://tos.org/oceanography/assets/docs/20-1_coral_disease.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S92941125","display_name":"Oceanography","issn_l":"1042-8275","issn":["1042-8275","2377-617X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316871","host_organization_name":"Oceanography Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316871"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oceanography Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Oceanography","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.5683000087738037}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.49000000953674316}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2016872004.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2016872004.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":91,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W36989023","https://openalex.org/W90172024","https://openalex.org/W113263515","https://openalex.org/W115192692","https://openalex.org/W145943590","https://openalex.org/W1145730752","https://openalex.org/W1499286552","https://openalex.org/W1510271045","https://openalex.org/W1529250255","https://openalex.org/W1531096808","https://openalex.org/W1561144917","https://openalex.org/W1564059264","https://openalex.org/W1583151442","https://openalex.org/W1609794662","https://openalex.org/W1924592726","https://openalex.org/W1965172919","https://openalex.org/W1966635128","https://openalex.org/W1967432488","https://openalex.org/W1969906477","https://openalex.org/W1971729585","https://openalex.org/W1976951129","https://openalex.org/W1979666300","https://openalex.org/W1983918525","https://openalex.org/W1984330573","https://openalex.org/W1985978646","https://openalex.org/W1989382652","https://openalex.org/W1991462310","https://openalex.org/W1991512431","https://openalex.org/W1993015294","https://openalex.org/W1995473365","https://openalex.org/W1999736591","https://openalex.org/W2000568129","https://openalex.org/W2001646207","https://openalex.org/W2002037002","https://openalex.org/W2004148271","https://openalex.org/W2006408444","https://openalex.org/W2013080877","https://openalex.org/W2014499939","https://openalex.org/W2026438737","https://openalex.org/W2031579976","https://openalex.org/W2031702570","https://openalex.org/W2034351224","https://openalex.org/W2038850046","https://openalex.org/W2040541632","https://openalex.org/W2043281660","https://openalex.org/W2050266494","https://openalex.org/W2062439789","https://openalex.org/W2065326702","https://openalex.org/W2065746756","https://openalex.org/W2069208318","https://openalex.org/W2072650687","https://openalex.org/W2078160841","https://openalex.org/W2078557271","https://openalex.org/W2089811852","https://openalex.org/W2090354312","https://openalex.org/W2097397166","https://openalex.org/W2098504580","https://openalex.org/W2101785198","https://openalex.org/W2102841584","https://openalex.org/W2102998760","https://openalex.org/W2105048930","https://openalex.org/W2110648162","https://openalex.org/W2111665228","https://openalex.org/W2113211022","https://openalex.org/W2117787733","https://openalex.org/W2120240447","https://openalex.org/W2121592635","https://openalex.org/W2121797814","https://openalex.org/W2128232632","https://openalex.org/W2137390833","https://openalex.org/W2142598180","https://openalex.org/W2143909619","https://openalex.org/W2144698363","https://openalex.org/W2147692692","https://openalex.org/W2151399155","https://openalex.org/W2154163970","https://openalex.org/W2155011586","https://openalex.org/W2155454753","https://openalex.org/W2160531584","https://openalex.org/W2166927678","https://openalex.org/W2183516209","https://openalex.org/W2247443120","https://openalex.org/W2467302686","https://openalex.org/W2485999147","https://openalex.org/W2754022598","https://openalex.org/W3021406804","https://openalex.org/W3214893774","https://openalex.org/W4252880046","https://openalex.org/W6600388344","https://openalex.org/W6633172503","https://openalex.org/W6816583821"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3137460254","https://openalex.org/W2791779173","https://openalex.org/W2051837354","https://openalex.org/W2064556888","https://openalex.org/W2046263788","https://openalex.org/W2185338854","https://openalex.org/W4281675922","https://openalex.org/W2299435379","https://openalex.org/W2335351047","https://openalex.org/W2292823938"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"across":[0],"the":[1,6,21,32,38,52,60,67,75,97,99,106,121,143,151,205,215,223,230,235,245,255,266,285,288],"globe,":[2],"we":[3,160,239],"are":[4],"witnessing":[5],"decline":[7,19],"of":[8,23,37,55,63,89,95,115,134,201,227,229,261],"coral":[9,56,116,158,189,242,263,268,289],"reef":[10,190],"ecosystems.":[11],"One":[12,192],"relatively":[13],"new":[14,84],"factor":[15],"contributing":[16],"to":[17,78,173,208],"this":[18],"is":[20,195],"outbreak":[22],"destructive":[24],"infectious":[25],"diseases,":[26],"especially":[27],"on":[28,47,120],"Caribbean":[29,144,256],"reefs.":[30],"As":[31],"Coral":[33,39],"Disease":[34],"Working":[35],"Group":[36],"Reef":[40,248],"Targeted":[41],"Research":[42],"Program,":[43],"our":[44],"research":[45],"focuses":[46],"four":[48,90],"priorities:":[49],"(1)":[50],"assessing":[51],"global":[53],"prevalence":[54],"disease,":[57,64,71,159],"(2)":[58],"investigating":[59],"environmental":[61],"drivers":[62],"(3)":[65],"identifying":[66],"pathogens":[68,264],"that":[69,169,196,241],"cause":[70],"and":[72,102,136,153,165,180,212,257,265,280,290],"(4)":[73],"evaluating":[74],"coral\u2019s":[76,206],"ability":[77,207],"resist":[79],"disease.":[80],"Monitoring":[81],"has":[82,118],"revealed":[83,131],"coral-disease":[85],"syndromes":[86],"at":[87],"each":[88],"Global":[91,128],"Environmental":[92],"Fund":[93],"Centers":[94],"Excellence:":[96],"Caribbean,":[98],"Philippines,":[100],"Australia,":[101],"East":[103],"Africa.":[104],"Over":[105],"last":[107],"20":[108],"years,":[109],"drastic":[110],"(>":[111],"50":[112],"percent)":[113],"loss":[114],"cover":[117],"occurred":[119],"Yucat\u00e1n":[122],"Peninsula,":[123],"even":[124],"in":[125,142,148,234,244],"pristine":[126],"areas.":[127],"surveys":[129],"have":[130],"significant":[132],"levels":[133],"disease":[135,137,202,243],"outbreaks":[138,200,221],"occurring":[139],"not":[140],"only":[141],"\u201chotspots,\u201d":[145],"but":[146],"also":[147],"sites":[149],"throughout":[150],"Pacific":[152],"Indian":[154],"Oceans.":[155],"By":[156],"monitoring":[157],"will":[161],"create":[162],"a":[163],"baseline":[164],"long-term":[166],"data":[167],"set":[168],"can":[170],"be":[171],"used":[172],"test":[174],"specific":[175],"hypotheses":[176],"about":[177],"how":[178],"climate":[179],"anthropogenic":[181],"drivers,":[182],"such":[183,193,276],"as":[184,277],"decreasing":[185],"water":[186],"quality,":[187],"threaten":[188],"sustainability.":[191],"hypothesis":[194],"high-temperature":[197,272],"anomalies":[198],"drive":[199],"by":[203,213],"hindering":[204],"fi":[209],"ght":[210],"infection":[211],"increasing":[214],"pathogens\u2019":[216],"virulence.":[217],"We":[218],"observed":[219],"recurrent":[220],"following":[222],"warm":[224,251],"summer":[225],"months":[226],"two":[228],"most":[231],"damaging":[232],"diseases":[233],"Caribbean.":[236],"In":[237,254],"addition,":[238],"found":[240],"Great":[246],"Barrier":[247],"correlated":[249],"with":[250],"temperature":[252],"anomalies.":[253],"Mediterranean":[258],"Seas,":[259],"virulence":[260],"known":[262],"normal":[267],"flora":[269],"changed":[270],"during":[271],"periods.":[273],"Other":[274],"stresses":[275],"high":[278],"nutrients":[279],"sedimentation":[281],"may":[282],"similarly":[283],"alter":[284],"balance":[286],"between":[287],"its":[291],"resident":[292],"microbial":[293],"flora.":[294]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":46},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":27}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
