{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2016843580","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1059127","title":"U. S. Trade Policies in a Changing World Economy","display_name":"U. S. Trade Policies in a Changing World Economy","publication_year":1988,"publication_date":"1988-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2016843580","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1059127","mag":"2016843580"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/1059127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1059127","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1059127","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S16296580","display_name":"Southern Economic Journal","issn_l":"0038-4038","issn":["0038-4038","2325-8012"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Southern Economic Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077543094","display_name":"Joseph Michael Finger","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Michael Finger","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004581324","display_name":"Robert M. Stern","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1234-1158","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1234-1158"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert M. Stern","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3010,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3010},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.6366,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98555556,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"55","issue":"2","first_page":"514","last_page":"514"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14112","display_name":"Economic, financial, and policy analysis","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12156","display_name":"World Trade Organization Law","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/us-trade-policy","display_name":"United States trade policy","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-deficit","display_name":"trade deficit","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protectionism","display_name":"protectionism","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-trade","display_name":"free trade","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tariffs","display_name":"tariffs","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-tariff-barriers","display_name":"non-tariff barriers","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endogenous-protection","display_name":"endogenous protection","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strategic-industries","display_name":"strategic industries","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imperfect-competition","display_name":"imperfect competition","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/externalities","display_name":"externalities","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilateralism","display_name":"multilateralism","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilateral-trading-system","display_name":"multilateral trading system","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-intervention","display_name":"trade intervention","score":0.41100001335144043}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.6466376185417175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777098093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q473750","display_name":"World economy","level":2,"score":0.4915219247341156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.48951566219329834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.4009935259819031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.16667607426643372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/1059127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1059127","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1059127","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S16296580","display_name":"Southern Economic Journal","issn_l":"0038-4038","issn":["0038-4038","2325-8012"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Southern Economic Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3122606445","https://openalex.org/W2991322959","https://openalex.org/W2376667665","https://openalex.org/W2124991187","https://openalex.org/W1528475837","https://openalex.org/W2892038647","https://openalex.org/W7025134345","https://openalex.org/W4292905832","https://openalex.org/W2620234620","https://openalex.org/W1519590128"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"collection":[1],"of":[2,8,26,40,47,80,111,146,170,195,243,270,278,305,327,332,336,339,350,354],"original":[3],"essays":[4],"focuses":[5],"on":[6],"issues":[7],"international":[9,155,318],"trade":[10,12,33,49,65,73,81,191,221,231,272,295],"and":[11,22,58,66,74,85,101,105,114,121,132,150,157,204,283,314,334,357],"policy":[13,50,232,235],"in":[14,23,30,64,78,92,98,130,135,193,223,256,262],"a":[15,27,37,44,109,224,291,303],"world":[16],"that":[17,124,183,209,275,284,307],"is":[18,290,325,344],"undergoing":[19],"structural":[20],"adaptation":[21],"the":[24,31,69,76,89,136,144,151,163,181,184,210,249,268,276,317,330,337],"face":[25],"serious":[28],"increase":[29],"US":[32,99,137,185,200,211,244,271],"deficit.":[34],"They":[35],"bring":[36],"new":[38],"consolidation":[39],"analytical":[41],"perspective":[42],"to":[43,117,127,153,165,188,217,294,321],"wide":[45],"variety":[46],"current":[48],"issues.In":[51],"their":[52],"overview":[53],"chapter,":[54],"Alan":[55],"V.":[56,348],"Deardorff":[57,349],"Robert":[59],"M.":[60,323],"Stern":[61,324],"discuss":[62],"developments":[63],"protectionism,":[67],"review":[68],"case":[70],"for":[71,119,253,267,316],"free":[72],"address":[75],"arguments":[77],"favor":[79],"intervention.":[82],"Rudiger":[83],"Dornbusch":[84],"Jeffrey":[86],"Frankel":[87],"analyze":[88],"macroeconomic":[90,122],"setting":[91],"which":[93,154],"changes":[94,129,239],"have":[95],"been":[96],"made":[97],"tariffs":[100],"NTBs.Stephen":[102],"P.":[103],"Magee":[104],"Leslie":[106],"Young":[107],"develop":[108],"model":[110],"endogenous":[112],"protection":[113,134],"use":[115,213],"it":[116],"search":[118],"microeconomic":[120],"variables":[123],"may":[125,161,280,286,310],"help":[126],"explain":[128],"tariff":[131],"nontariff":[133],"since":[138],"1900.":[139],"Paul":[140],"Krugman":[141],"takes":[142],"up":[143],"question":[145],"identifying":[147],"strategic":[148,214],"sectors":[149,167],"extent":[152],"competition":[156,172],"national":[158,202,205,250],"government":[159,254],"policies":[160,192,198,222,273],"affect":[162,199],"returns":[164],"such":[166],"under":[168],"conditions":[169],"imperfect":[171],"or":[173],"when":[174],"externalities":[175],"are":[176],"present.":[177],"Avinash":[178],"Dixit":[179],"analyzes":[180],"responses":[182,216],"might":[186],"make":[187],"other":[189,219],"countries'":[190,220],"terms":[194],"how":[196],"these":[197],"real":[201],"income":[203],"security.":[206],"He":[207,343],"concludes":[208],"could":[212],"advance":[215],"alter":[218],"mutually":[225],"beneficial":[226],"way.Richard":[227],"N.":[228],"Cooper":[229],"evaluates":[230],"as":[233],"foreign":[234,257],"by":[236],"looking":[237],"at":[238,329],"through":[240],"three":[241],"periods":[242],"history.":[245],"T.N.":[246],"Srinivasan":[247],"scrutinizes":[248],"defense":[251],"argument":[252],"intervention":[255],"trade.":[258],"John":[259],"H.":[260],"Jackson":[261],"discussing":[263],"alternative":[264],"negotiation":[265],"approaches":[266],"conduct":[269],"observes":[274],"pursuit":[277],"multilateralism":[279],"be":[281,287,311],"frustrating":[282],"what":[285],"needed":[288],"instead":[289],"minilateral":[292],"approach":[293],"liberalization.":[296],"In":[297],"conclusion,":[298],"W.":[299],"Max":[300],"Corden":[301],"offers":[302],"package":[304],"rules":[306],"he":[308],"believes":[309],"both":[312],"desirable":[313],"possible":[315],"trading":[319],"system":[320],"attain.Robert":[322],"Professor":[326],"Economics":[328],"University":[331],"Michigan":[333,352],"Director":[335],"Institute":[338],"Public":[340],"Policy":[341],"Studies.":[342],"coauthor":[345],"with":[346],"Allan":[347],"The":[351],"Model":[353],"World":[355],"Production":[356],"Trade":[358],"(MIT":[359],"Press":[360],"1985.)":[361]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}