{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2016840420","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2013.05.1498","title":"P4\u2013108: Evidence of microvascular network alterations in the retinas of people with Alzheimer's disease","display_name":"P4\u2013108: Evidence of microvascular network alterations in the retinas of people with Alzheimer's disease","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2016840420","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2013.05.1498","mag":"2016840420"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2013.05.1498","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2013.05.1498","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2013.05.1498","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S108427512","display_name":"Alzheimer s & Dementia","issn_l":"1552-5260","issn":["1552-5260","1552-5279"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Alzheimer's &amp; Dementia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084913828","display_name":"Carol Yim-lui Cheung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0869-859X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0869-859X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116917","display_name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02crz6e12","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116917"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carol Cheung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116917"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002699229","display_name":"Yi\u2010Ting Ong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0765-9874","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0765-9874"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi\u2010Ting Ong","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074876120","display_name":"M. Kamran Ikram","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0173-9571","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0173-9571"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116917","display_name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02crz6e12","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116917"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Kamran Ikram","raw_affiliation_strings":["Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116917"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063016255","display_name":"Saima Hilal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5434-5635","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5434-5635"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150261","display_name":"National University Health System","ror":"https://ror.org/05tjjsh18","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I4210150261"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saima Hilal","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150261"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077760784","display_name":"Joseree-Ann S Catindig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8155-0842","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8155-0842"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150261","display_name":"National University Health System","ror":"https://ror.org/05tjjsh18","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I4210150261"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseree\u2010Ann S. Catindig","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150261"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008989080","display_name":"Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3593-6362","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3593-6362"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150261","display_name":"National University Health System","ror":"https://ror.org/05tjjsh18","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I4210150261"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150261"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070116343","display_name":"Philip Lin Kiat Yap","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9465-5937","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9465-5937"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802424189","display_name":"Khoo Teck Puat Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05wc95s05","country_code":"SG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802424189"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philip Yap","raw_affiliation_strings":["Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, SINGAPORE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, SINGAPORE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802424189"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016611737","display_name":"Dennis Chuen Chai Seow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0988-7552","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0988-7552"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2251586001","display_name":"Singapore General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/036j6sg82","country_code":"SG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2251586001"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dennis Seow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, SINGAPORE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, SINGAPORE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2251586001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022789521","display_name":"Christopher Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1047-9225","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1047-9225"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146690","display_name":"National University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04fp9fm22","country_code":"SG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I4210146690","https://openalex.org/I4210150261"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146690"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072258594","display_name":"Tien Yin Wong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8448-1264","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8448-1264"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116917","display_name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02crz6e12","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116917"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tien Yin Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116917"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4200},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.12267572,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"4S_Part_19","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.5547000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.5547000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.42289999127388,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.011500000022351742,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alzheimer-s-disease","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal-microvasculature","display_name":"retinal microvasculature","score":0.9599999785423279}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6855301856994629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12722491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1632335","display_name":"Microcirculation","level":2,"score":0.6492505073547363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.6141438484191895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780827179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422001","display_name":"Retinal","level":2,"score":0.5452648997306824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.5076929330825806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185250623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2301683","display_name":"Tortuosity","level":3,"score":0.4616926908493042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.46034884452819824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777093970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169342","display_name":"Retina","level":2,"score":0.4203377068042755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.3716850280761719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.3163950443267822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.19187423586845398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.14754784107208252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6648577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622669","display_name":"Porosity","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2013.05.1498","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2013.05.1498","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2013.05.1498","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S108427512","display_name":"Alzheimer s & Dementia","issn_l":"1552-5260","issn":["1552-5260","1552-5279"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Alzheimer's &amp; Dementia","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9922999739646912,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2777910449","https://openalex.org/W2101216584","https://openalex.org/W1542589927","https://openalex.org/W1805141069","https://openalex.org/W2337093535","https://openalex.org/W3112939916","https://openalex.org/W1965044090","https://openalex.org/W3108877345","https://openalex.org/W2341330379","https://openalex.org/W4312087554"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"cerebral":[1,16,27,75],"small":[2,28],"vessel":[3],"disease":[4,265],"has":[5],"been":[6],"implicated":[7],"in":[8,23,54,64],"the":[9,15,61,118],"development":[10],"of":[11,60,96,121,136,178,263],"Alzheimer's":[12],"Disease":[13,123],"(AD),":[14],"microcirculation":[17,63],"is":[18],"difficult":[19],"to":[20,51,73,154,206,220,224,239,243,249],"visualize":[21],"directly":[22],"vivo.":[24],"Theretinal":[25],"and":[26,37,44,69,104,109,133,145,159,169,176,188,210,227,230],"blood":[29],"vessels":[30],"share":[31],"similar":[32],"embryological":[33],"origin,":[34],"anatomical":[35],"features":[36],"physiological":[38],"properties":[39],"(e.g.":[40],"non-anastomotic":[41],"end-arteries,":[42],"blood-brain":[43],"blood-retina":[45],"barrier).":[46],"Retinal":[47,125],"vessels,":[48],"measuring":[49],"100":[50],"300":[52],"\u03bcm":[53],"size,":[55],"allow":[56],"a":[57,67,93,130,134,261],"non-invasive":[58],"visualization":[59],"human":[62],"vivo,":[65],"offering":[66],"unique":[68],"easily":[70],"accessible":[71],"\u201cwindow\u201d":[72],"study":[74,95],"microvascular":[76,85,139],"pathology.":[77],"W":[78],"e":[79],"determined":[80],"whether":[81],"quantitatively":[82],"measured":[83],"retinal":[84,138],"parameters":[86,140],"are":[87],"associated":[88],"with":[89,98,186,194],"AD.":[90,251],"We":[91,181],"conducted":[92],"case-control":[94],"patients":[97,185],"AD,":[99],"defined":[100],"using":[101,129],"international":[102],"criteria":[103],"recruited":[105],"from":[106,117],"tertiary":[107],"hospitals,":[108],"age-gender-race":[110,190],"matched":[111,191],"controls":[112],"(case:":[113],"control":[114],"matching\u1d1d1:2)":[115],"selected":[116],"Singapore":[119],"Epidemiology":[120],"Eye":[122],"program.":[124],"photographs":[126],"were":[127,147,152,246,266],"analyzed":[128],"computer":[131],"program":[132],"spectrum":[135],"quantitative":[137],"(caliber,":[141],"fractal":[142,212],"dimension,":[143],"tortuosity":[144,232],"bifurcation)":[146],"measured.":[148],"Logistic":[149],"regression":[150],"models":[151],"used":[153],"compute":[155],"odds":[156],"ratio":[157],"(OR)":[158],"95%":[160],"confidence":[161],"interval":[162],"for":[163,171],"AD":[164,187,258],"adjusting":[165],"forage,":[166],"gender,":[167],"ethnicity":[168],"additionally":[170],"smoking,":[172],"hypertension,":[173],"diabetes,":[174],"hypercholesterolemia":[175],"histroy":[177],"myocardial":[179],"infarction.":[180],"included":[182],"136":[183],"demented":[184],"290":[189],"controls.":[192],"Persons":[193],"narrower":[195],"venular":[196,211,231],"caliber":[197],"(OR":[198,214,233],"per":[199,215,234],"standard":[200],"deviation":[201],"[SD]":[202],"decrease,":[203],"2.01":[204],"[1.27":[205],"3.19]),":[207],"decreased":[208],"arteriolar":[209,229],"dimension":[213],"SD":[216,235],"decrease":[217],"1.35":[218],"[1.08":[219],"1.68],":[221],"1.47":[222],"[1.17":[223],"1.84],":[225],"respectively)":[226,245],"increased":[228],"increase,":[236],"1.84":[237],"[1.40":[238],"2.31],":[240],"1.94":[241],"[1.48":[242],"2.53],":[244],"more":[247],"likely":[248],"have":[250],"These":[252],"associations":[253],"still":[254],"persisted":[255],"when":[256],"only":[257],"cases":[259],"without":[260],"history":[262],"cerebrovascular":[264],"included.":[267]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
