{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2016803368","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.12334","title":"Global assessment of exposure to faecal contamination through drinking water based on a systematic review","display_name":"Global assessment of exposure to faecal contamination through drinking water based on a systematic review","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-05-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2016803368","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.12334","mag":"2016803368","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24811893","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4255778"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/tmi.12334","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.12334","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.12334","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/tmi.12334","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148484591","display_name":"Tropical Medicine & International Health","issn_l":"1360-2276","issn":["1360-2276","1365-3156"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/tmi.12334","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046515658","display_name":"Robert Bain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6577-2923","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6577-2923"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert Bain","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Water Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Water Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012004339","display_name":"Ryan Cronk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0157-4447","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0157-4447"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryan Cronk","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Water Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Water Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113898188","display_name":"Rifat Hossain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8542-1466","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8542-1466"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105654","display_name":"World Health Organization","ror":"https://ror.org/01f80g185","country_code":"CH","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105654"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rifat Hossain","raw_affiliation_strings":["*World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"*World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105654"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008105362","display_name":"Sophie Bonjour","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105654","display_name":"World Health Organization","ror":"https://ror.org/01f80g185","country_code":"CH","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105654"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sophie Bonjour","raw_affiliation_strings":["*World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"*World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105654"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046299386","display_name":"Kyle Onda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4714-7654","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4714-7654"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyle Onda","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Water Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Water Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060124599","display_name":"Jim Wright","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8842-2181","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8842-2181"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jim Wright","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100687883","display_name":"Hong Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9940-8273","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9940-8273","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0169-6479","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7211-6406","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7810-1624","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9432-8378"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089247745","display_name":"Tom Slaymaker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5733-1984","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5733-1984"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126862","display_name":"WaterAid","ror":"https://ror.org/02at6q094","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126862"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tom Slaymaker","raw_affiliation_strings":["WaterAid UK London UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WaterAid UK London UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126862"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052023512","display_name":"Paul Raymond Hunter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5608-6144","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5608-6144"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","display_name":"University of East Anglia","ror":"https://ror.org/026k5mg93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Hunter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia , Norwich , UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia , Norwich , UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062696723","display_name":"Annette Pr\u00fcss\u2010\u00dcst\u00fcn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6272-212X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6272-212X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105654","display_name":"World Health Organization","ror":"https://ror.org/01f80g185","country_code":"CH","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105654"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Annette Pr\u00fcss\u2010Ust\u00fcn","raw_affiliation_strings":["*World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"*World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105654"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001833569","display_name":"Jamie Bartram","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6542-6315","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6542-6315"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jamie Bartram","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Water Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Water Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046515658"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"],"apc_list":{"value":3400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3400},"apc_paid":{"value":3400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3400},"fwci":2.6993,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":543,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88235294,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"8","first_page":"917","last_page":"927"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11331","display_name":"Fecal contamination and water quality","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11331","display_name":"Fecal contamination and water quality","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10596","display_name":"Child Nutrition and Water Access","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11957","display_name":"Food Safety and Hygiene","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fecal-contamination","display_name":"fecal contamination","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drinking-water","display_name":"drinking water","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/escherichia-coli","display_name":"Escherichia coli","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fecal-coliforms","display_name":"fecal coliforms","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microbiological-water-quality","display_name":"microbiological water quality","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-rural-differences","display_name":"urban-rural differences","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/improved-water-sources","display_name":"improved water sources","score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/piped-water-supply","display_name":"piped water supply","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-burden-of-disease","display_name":"global burden of disease","score":0.7080000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112570922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60528603","display_name":"Contamination","level":2,"score":0.8261857032775879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124956284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918223","display_name":"Fecal coliform","level":3,"score":0.6213712692260742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780797713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625376","display_name":"Water quality","level":2,"score":0.6189025640487671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.6146637201309204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5508102774620056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19644921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17056190","display_name":"Indicator bacteria","level":4,"score":0.530457615852356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991804310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061108","display_name":"Water source","level":2,"score":0.4423431158065796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.43658849596977234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33070731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7218","display_name":"Toxicology","level":1,"score":0.3723164200782776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.32210832834243774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.16087237000465393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524765639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501619","display_name":"Water resource management","level":1,"score":0.15149185061454773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.1045483648777008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001419","descriptor_name":"Bacteria","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004755","descriptor_name":"Enterobacteriaceae","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004781","descriptor_name":"Environmental Exposure","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004926","descriptor_name":"Escherichia coli","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005243","descriptor_name":"Feces","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014871","descriptor_name":"Water Microbiology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014881","descriptor_name":"Water Supply","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014943","descriptor_name":"Global Health","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060753","descriptor_name":"Water Quality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D060766","descriptor_name":"Drinking Water","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/tmi.12334","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.12334","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.12334","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/tmi.12334","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148484591","display_name":"Tropical Medicine & International Health","issn_l":"1360-2276","issn":["1360-2276","1365-3156"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:24811893","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24811893","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4255778","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4255778/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Trop Med Int Health","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:159035","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/159035/1/Global%20assessment%20of%20exposure%20to%20faecal%20contamination%20through%20drinking%20water%20based%20on%20a%20systematic%20review.pdf","pdf_url":"https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/159035/1/Global%20assessment%20of%20exposure%20to%20faecal%20contamination%20through%20drinking%20water%20based%20on%20a%20systematic%20review.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400854","display_name":"White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk:51913","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/51913/1/Bain_2014_Exposure_to_faecal_contamination.pdf","pdf_url":"https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/51913/1/Bain_2014_Exposure_to_faecal_contamination.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400384","display_name":"UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","host_organization_name":"University of East Anglia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:364899","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.12334>).","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:cdr.lib.unc.edu:r207tx71j","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17615/52n3-1r87","pdf_url":"https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/downloads/tq57p052z","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401075","display_name":"Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","host_organization_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Tropical Medicine & International Health, 19(8)","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"doi:10.17615/52n3-1r87","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17615/52n3-1r87","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17615/52n3-1r87","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051488","display_name":"UNC Libraries","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/tmi.12334","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.12334","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.12334","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/tmi.12334","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148484591","display_name":"Tropical Medicine & International Health","issn_l":"1360-2276","issn":["1360-2276","1365-3156"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307856","display_name":"World Health Organization","ror":"https://ror.org/01f80g185"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2016803368.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2016803368.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W71228264","https://openalex.org/W620044423","https://openalex.org/W1973445084","https://openalex.org/W1980125603","https://openalex.org/W1994423941","https://openalex.org/W1997797066","https://openalex.org/W2002925493","https://openalex.org/W2024872667","https://openalex.org/W2028469565","https://openalex.org/W2035500282","https://openalex.org/W2037487760","https://openalex.org/W2038342899","https://openalex.org/W2045476129","https://openalex.org/W2062600705","https://openalex.org/W2106547366","https://openalex.org/W2110052313","https://openalex.org/W2110828928","https://openalex.org/W2110878250","https://openalex.org/W2130327259","https://openalex.org/W2133097426","https://openalex.org/W2136466017","https://openalex.org/W2161963318","https://openalex.org/W2164791979","https://openalex.org/W2168270561","https://openalex.org/W2313711895","https://openalex.org/W2322026654","https://openalex.org/W2567441317","https://openalex.org/W2753324027","https://openalex.org/W3035140446","https://openalex.org/W3081898019","https://openalex.org/W3176682987","https://openalex.org/W3204218454","https://openalex.org/W4236813977","https://openalex.org/W4297918764"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2168270561","https://openalex.org/W7154604939","https://openalex.org/W2505976141","https://openalex.org/W4388540480","https://openalex.org/W4220811060","https://openalex.org/W4240664653","https://openalex.org/W7118397383","https://openalex.org/W4405249473","https://openalex.org/W7094957394","https://openalex.org/W7155078962"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVES:":[0],"To":[1],"estimate":[2,112],"exposure":[3,98],"to":[4,99,180,218,227],"faecal":[5,127],"contamination":[6,78,199,234],"through":[7],"drinking":[8,34,80,122],"water":[9,24,35,51,81,123,134,177,240,261],"as":[10],"indicated":[11],"by":[12,63],"levels":[13],"of":[14,30,33,77,79,96,121,129,137,158,221,248],"Escherichia":[15],"coli":[16,57,144,170],"(E.":[17],"coli)":[18],"or":[19,58,145,171,225],"thermotolerant":[20],"coliform":[21],"(TTC)":[22],"in":[23,185,192,203],"sources.":[25],"METHODS:":[26],"We":[27,93,111],"estimated":[28,97],"coverage":[29],"different":[31],"types":[32],"source":[36,120,241],"based":[37],"on":[38],"household":[39],"surveys":[40],"and":[41,75,90,104,198,208,237],"censuses":[42],"using":[43,85],"multilevel":[44],"modelling.":[45],"Coverage":[46],"data":[47],"were":[48,83,215],"combined":[49],"with":[50,259],"quality":[52,223],"studies":[53,154,224,228],"that":[54,113,135,156],"assessed":[55,94],"E.":[56,143,169,230],"TTC":[59,146,172],"including":[60,243],"those":[61],"identified":[62],"a":[64,119],"systematic":[65],"review":[66],"(n":[67],"=":[68],"345).":[69],"Predictive":[70],"models":[71],"for":[72],"the":[73,219,255],"presence":[74],"level":[76],"sources":[82,160],"developed":[84],"random":[86],"effects":[87],"logistic":[88],"regression":[89],"selected":[91],"covariates.":[92],"sensitivity":[95],"study":[100],"quality,":[101],"indicator":[102],"bacteria":[103],"separately":[105],"considered":[106],"nationally":[107,152],"randomised":[108,153],"surveys.":[109],"RESULTS:":[110],"1.8":[114],"billion":[115,132],"people":[116],"globally":[117],"use":[118],"which":[124],"suffers":[125],"from":[126,151],"contamination,":[128],"these":[130],"1.1":[131],"drink":[133],"is":[136,178,200,235],"at":[138,166],"least":[139,167],"'moderate'":[140],"risk":[141],"(>10":[142],"per":[147,173],"100":[148,168,174],"ml).":[149],"Data":[150],"suggest":[155],"10%":[157],"improved":[159],"may":[161,251],"be":[162,181],"'high'":[163],"risk,":[164],"containing":[165],"ml.":[175],"Drinking":[176],"found":[179],"more":[182],"often":[183],"contaminated":[184],"rural":[186],"areas":[187,194],"(41%,":[188],"CI:":[189,196,206,212],"31%-51%)":[190],"than":[191],"urban":[193],"(12%,":[195],"8-18%),":[197],"most":[201],"prevalent":[202],"Africa":[204],"(53%,":[205],"42%-63%)":[207],"South-East":[209],"Asia":[210],"(35%,":[211],"24%-45%).":[213],"Estimates":[214],"not":[216],"sensitive":[217],"exclusion":[220],"low":[222],"restriction":[226],"reporting":[229],"coli.":[231],"CONCLUSIONS:":[232],"Microbial":[233],"widespread":[236],"affects":[238],"all":[239],"types,":[242],"piped":[244],"supplies.":[245],"Global":[246],"burden":[247,257],"disease":[249,256],"estimates":[250],"have":[252],"substantially":[253],"understated":[254],"associated":[258],"inadequate":[260],"services.":[262]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":53},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":45},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":50},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":71},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":51},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":50},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
