{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2016787487","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.103.226802","title":"Dominant Mobility Modulation by the Electric Field Effect at the LaAlO 3 / SrTiO 3 Interface","display_name":"Dominant Mobility Modulation by the Electric Field Effect at the LaAlO 3 / SrTiO 3 Interface","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-11-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2016787487","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.103.226802","mag":"2016787487","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20366118"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1103/physrevlett.103.226802","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.103.226802","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.103.226802","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S24807848","display_name":"Physical Review Letters","issn_l":"0031-9007","issn":["0031-9007","1079-7114","1092-0145"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320261","host_organization_name":"American Physical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Review Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/0906.5310","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053685847","display_name":"Christopher Bell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4732-0354","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4732-0354"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086780","display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/00097mb19","country_code":"JP","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319490839","https://openalex.org/I4210086780"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Bell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8651, Japan","Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8651, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088306723","display_name":"Satoshi Harashima","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Harashima","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8651, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8651, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025472120","display_name":"Yusuke Kozuka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7674-600X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7674-600X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y. Kozuka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8651, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8651, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002562810","display_name":"Minu Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6189-033X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6189-033X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8651, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8651, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026372314","display_name":"B. G. Kim","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4921948","display_name":"Pusan National University","ror":"https://ror.org/01an57a31","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP","KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. G. Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8651, Japan","Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8651, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058216974","display_name":"Yasuyuki Hikita","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7748-8329","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7748-8329"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y. Hikita","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8651, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8651, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022493111","display_name":"Harold Y. Hwang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9230-3214","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9230-3214","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8574-4217"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086780","display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/00097mb19","country_code":"JP","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319490839","https://openalex.org/I4210086780"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Y. Hwang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8651, Japan","Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8651, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086780"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3750},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.2169,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":281,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98190667,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"103","issue":"22","first_page":"226802","last_page":"226802"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12588","display_name":"Electronic and Structural Properties of Oxides","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12588","display_name":"Electronic and Structural Properties of Oxides","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10607","display_name":"Magnetic and transport properties of perovskites and related materials","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laalo3-srtio3-interface","display_name":"LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/two-dimensional-electron-gas","display_name":"two-dimensional electron gas","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gate-modulation","display_name":"gate modulation","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-field-effects","display_name":"electric field effects","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charge-carrier-mobility","display_name":"carrier mobility","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sheet-carrier-density","display_name":"sheet carrier density","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/superconductivity-suppression","display_name":"superconductivity suppression","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/superconductor-insulator-transition","display_name":"superconductor-insulator transition","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disorder-strength","display_name":"disorder strength","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetotransport","display_name":"magnetotransport","score":0.9039999842643738}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60799052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46221","display_name":"Electric field","level":2,"score":0.4926624894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4675314128398895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4405773878097534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.3367130756378174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.33628764748573303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2084159255027771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.12281548976898193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.07180598378181458}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1103/physrevlett.103.226802","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.103.226802","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.103.226802","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S24807848","display_name":"Physical Review Letters","issn_l":"0031-9007","issn":["0031-9007","1079-7114","1092-0145"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320261","host_organization_name":"American Physical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Review Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:20366118","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20366118","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical review letters","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:openaire_cris_publications/4508c184-073c-4020-be04-5d00c67a2df9","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/4508c184-073c-4020-be04-5d00c67a2df9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400895","display_name":"Bristol Research (University of Bristol)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","host_organization_name":"University of Bristol","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bell, C, Harashima, S, Kozuka, Y, Kim, M, Kim, B G, Hikita, Y, Hwang, H Y & Bell, C 2009, 'Dominant Mobility Modulation by the Electric Field Effect at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Interface', Physical Review Letters, vol. 103, no. 22, 226802. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.226802","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:0906.5310","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/0906.5310","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/0906.5310","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.0906.5310","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0906.5310","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0906.5310","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:0906.5310","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/0906.5310","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/0906.5310","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308341","display_name":"Canon Foundation in Europe","ror":"https://ror.org/03sjs8573"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2016787487.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2016787487.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1610476366","https://openalex.org/W1971009943","https://openalex.org/W1976596637","https://openalex.org/W1981389359","https://openalex.org/W1994830994","https://openalex.org/W2001502279","https://openalex.org/W2007759696","https://openalex.org/W2022735713","https://openalex.org/W2034607691","https://openalex.org/W2043196140","https://openalex.org/W2047328729","https://openalex.org/W2054580701","https://openalex.org/W2063685845","https://openalex.org/W2072917746","https://openalex.org/W2081298453","https://openalex.org/W2088684469","https://openalex.org/W2092904442","https://openalex.org/W2094484501","https://openalex.org/W2095484130","https://openalex.org/W2110321128","https://openalex.org/W2130330016","https://openalex.org/W2151425752","https://openalex.org/W2156147570"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2248611021","https://openalex.org/W3160708600","https://openalex.org/W2086935465","https://openalex.org/W84370577","https://openalex.org/W2262081649","https://openalex.org/W2002227862","https://openalex.org/W2762261295","https://openalex.org/W2339734071","https://openalex.org/W1572305579","https://openalex.org/W7140106975"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Caviglia":[0],"et":[1],"al.":[2],"[Nature":[3],"(London)":[4],"456,":[5],"624":[6],"(2008)]":[7],"have":[8],"found":[9],"that":[10,42,50,71],"the":[11,25,29,43,52,72,79],"superconducting":[12],"LaAlO3/SrTiO3":[13],"interface":[14],"can":[15,58],"be":[16,59],"gate":[17,66],"modulated.":[18],"A":[19],"central":[20],"issue":[21],"is":[22,46],"to":[23],"determine":[24],"principal":[26],"effect":[27],"of":[28,36,51],"applied":[30],"electric":[31],"field.":[32],"Using":[33],"magnetotransport":[34],"studies":[35],"a":[37],"gated":[38],"structure,":[39],"we":[40],"find":[41],"mobility":[44],"variation":[45],"almost":[47],"5":[48],"times":[49],"sheet":[53],"carrier":[54],"density.":[55],"Furthermore,":[56],"superconductivity":[57],"suppressed":[60],"at":[61],"both":[62],"positive":[63],"and":[64],"negative":[65],"bias.":[67],"These":[68],"results":[69],"indicate":[70],"relative":[73],"disorder":[74],"strength":[75],"strongly":[76],"increases":[77],"across":[78],"superconductor-insulator":[80],"transition.":[81]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":19}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
