{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2016662808","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/bi0012686","title":"Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Analysis of Different Azotobacter vinelandii Nitrogenase MoFe-Protein Conformations Generated during Enzyme Turnover: Evidence for S = 3 / 2 Spin States from Reduced MoFe-Protein Intermediates","display_name":"Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Analysis of Different Azotobacter vinelandii Nitrogenase MoFe-Protein Conformations Generated during Enzyme Turnover: Evidence for S = 3 / 2 Spin States from Reduced MoFe-Protein Intermediates","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-02-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2016662808","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/bi0012686","mag":"2016662808","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11258953"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1021/bi0012686","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/bi0012686","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/bi0012686","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104038378","display_name":"Biochemistry","issn_l":"0006-2960","issn":["0006-2960","1520-4995","1943-295X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biochemistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008637684","display_name":"Karl Fisher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3539-8939","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3539-8939"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100288624","display_name":"John Innes Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/055zmrh94","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100288624","https://openalex.org/I2799693246","https://openalex.org/I4210087105"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karl Fisher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biochemistry, The Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, and Nitrogen Fixation Laboratory, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biochemistry, The Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, and Nitrogen Fixation Laboratory, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100288624","https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011735129","display_name":"William E. Newton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4602-0977","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4602-0977"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100288624","display_name":"John Innes Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/055zmrh94","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100288624","https://openalex.org/I2799693246","https://openalex.org/I4210087105"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"William E. Newton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biochemistry, The Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, and Nitrogen Fixation Laboratory, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biochemistry, The Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, and Nitrogen Fixation Laboratory, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100288624","https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"David J. Lowe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100288624","display_name":"John Innes Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/055zmrh94","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100288624","https://openalex.org/I2799693246","https://openalex.org/I4210087105"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David J. Lowe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biochemistry, The Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, and Nitrogen Fixation Laboratory, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biochemistry, The Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, and Nitrogen Fixation Laboratory, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100288624","https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011735129"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100288624","https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"apc_list":{"value":4500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5538,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":51,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80410023,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"11","first_page":"3333","last_page":"3339"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11626","display_name":"Metalloenzymes and iron-sulfur proteins","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1303","display_name":"Biochemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11626","display_name":"Metalloenzymes and iron-sulfur proteins","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1303","display_name":"Biochemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12381","display_name":"Electron Spin Resonance Studies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11747","display_name":"Metal-Catalyzed Oxygenation Mechanisms","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1604","display_name":"Inorganic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mofe-protein","display_name":"MoFe protein","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/femo-cofactor","display_name":"FeMo cofactor","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spin-states","display_name":"spin states","score":0.5360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enzyme-turnover","display_name":"enzyme turnover","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protonation-states","display_name":"protonation states","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-flux","display_name":"electron flux","score":0.4779999852180481}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776159390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2157875","display_name":"Azotobacter vinelandii","level":5,"score":0.9506006240844727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187961010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q260463","display_name":"Electron paramagnetic resonance","level":2,"score":0.9014697074890137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141280058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410381","display_name":"Nitrogenase","level":4,"score":0.7551485300064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.7117133140563965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30095370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899488","display_name":"Protonation","level":3,"score":0.6559311151504517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777289219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7632154","display_name":"Substrate (aquarium)","level":2,"score":0.49132171273231506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8010536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160398","display_name":"Crystallography","level":1,"score":0.43767493963241577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148898269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1108792","display_name":"Kinetics","level":2,"score":0.4151898920536041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46141821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209402","display_name":"Nuclear magnetic resonance","level":1,"score":0.41192150115966797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.32752525806427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71240020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186011","display_name":"Stereochemistry","level":1,"score":0.3257572054862976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.15509533882141113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.08251816034317017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.07179343700408936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145148216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36496","display_name":"Ion","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C537208039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627","display_name":"Nitrogen","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181440489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272467","display_name":"Nitrogen fixation","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002384","descriptor_name":"Catalysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004578","descriptor_name":"Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004579","descriptor_name":"Electron Transport","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007700","descriptor_name":"Kinetics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008956","descriptor_name":"Models, Chemical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008983","descriptor_name":"Molybdoferredoxin","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008983","descriptor_name":"Molybdoferredoxin","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009591","descriptor_name":"Nitrogenase","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009591","descriptor_name":"Nitrogenase","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010084","descriptor_name":"Oxidation-Reduction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010088","descriptor_name":"Oxidoreductases","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010088","descriptor_name":"Oxidoreductases","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011487","descriptor_name":"Protein Conformation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013379","descriptor_name":"Substrate Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016948","descriptor_name":"Azotobacter vinelandii","qualifier_ui":"Q000201","qualifier_name":"enzymology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1021/bi0012686","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/bi0012686","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/bi0012686","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104038378","display_name":"Biochemistry","issn_l":"0006-2960","issn":["0006-2960","1520-4995","1943-295X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biochemistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:11258953","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11258953","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biochemistry","raw_type":"Comparative Study"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3869139127","display_name":"MOFE PROTEIN PROSTHETIC GROUPS IN NITROGENASE CATALYSIS","funder_award_id":"R01DK037255","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00adh9b73"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W69507110","https://openalex.org/W1775749144","https://openalex.org/W1963872103","https://openalex.org/W2000767190","https://openalex.org/W2004899455","https://openalex.org/W2025381595","https://openalex.org/W2061407935","https://openalex.org/W2073974382","https://openalex.org/W2085795935","https://openalex.org/W2090741580","https://openalex.org/W2125771483","https://openalex.org/W2224930125","https://openalex.org/W2342781896","https://openalex.org/W2397948703","https://openalex.org/W2506276243"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2189268941","https://openalex.org/W2151029071","https://openalex.org/W2117251477","https://openalex.org/W1993031952","https://openalex.org/W2395166235","https://openalex.org/W2114196032","https://openalex.org/W2489056889","https://openalex.org/W2489416859","https://openalex.org/W2023394440","https://openalex.org/W2022278123"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Rapid-freezing":[0],"experiments":[1],"elicited":[2],"two":[3],"transient":[4],"EPR":[5,48,162],"signals,":[6],"designated":[7],"1b":[8],"and":[9,20,37,58,77,131,175,185,197],"1c,":[10,66],"during":[11],"Azotobacter":[12],"vinelandii":[13],"nitrogenase":[14,170],"turnover":[15],"at":[16,42],"23":[17],"degrees":[18],"C":[19],"pH":[21],"7.4.":[22],"The":[23,60],"first":[24],"of":[25,35,45,55,72,80,87,116,127,149,158,160,193,201],"the":[26,43,46,88,96,150,156,165,194,202],"signals":[27,84,101,136],"to":[28,63,102,121,146],"form,":[29],"signal":[30,49,62,65],"1b,":[31],"exhibited":[32],"g":[33,53,70],"values":[34,54],"4.21":[36],"3.76.":[38],"Its":[39],"formation":[40,159],"was":[41,78,144],"expense":[44],"starting":[47],"(signal":[50],"1a":[51],"with":[52,67,205],"4.32,":[56],"3.66,":[57],"2.01).":[59],"second":[61],"arise,":[64],"a":[68,108],"characteristic":[69],"value":[71],"4.69,":[73],"formed":[74],"very":[75],"slowly":[76],"always":[79],"low":[81,118],"intensity.":[82],"Both":[83],"occurred":[85],"independently":[86],"substrate":[89],"being":[90],"reduced.":[91],"Increased":[92],"electron":[93,119],"flux":[94],"through":[95],"MoFe":[97,195],"protein":[98,196],"caused":[99],"these":[100,135,161],"form":[103],"more":[104,139],"rapidly.":[105],"Moreover,":[106],"after":[107],"MoFe-protein":[109],"solution":[110],"had":[111],"been":[112],"pretreated":[113],"(using":[114],"conditions":[115],"extremely":[117],"flux)":[120],"set":[122],"up":[123],"an":[124,147],"equimolar":[125],"mixture":[126,143],"its":[128],"resting":[129],"state":[130],"one-electron":[132],"reduced":[133,191],"state,":[134],"appeared":[137],"even":[138],"rapidly":[140],"when":[141],"this":[142],"exposed":[145],"excess":[148],"Fe":[151],"protein.":[152],"We":[153],"have":[154],"simulated":[155],"kinetics":[157],"features":[163],"using":[164],"published":[166],"kinetic":[167],"model":[168],"for":[169],"catalysis":[171],"[Lowe,":[172],"D.":[173],"J.,":[174],"Thorneley,":[176],"R.":[177],"N.":[178],"F.":[179],"(1984)":[180],"Biochem.":[181],"J.":[182],"224,":[183],"887-909]":[184],"propose":[186],"that":[187],"they":[188],"arise":[189],"from":[190],"states":[192],"reflect":[198],"different":[199,206],"conformations":[200],"FeMo":[203],"cofactor":[204],"protonation":[207],"states.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}