{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2016642647","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0901011106","title":"The Darwinian revolution: Rethinking its meaning and significance","display_name":"The Darwinian revolution: Rethinking its meaning and significance","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-06-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2016642647","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0901011106","mag":"2016642647","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19528652","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2702797"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.0901011106","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0901011106","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0901011106","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2702797","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032221395","display_name":"Michael Ruse","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5740-0169","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5740-0169"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103163165","display_name":"Florida State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g3dte14","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael Ruse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Philosophy, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306","Department of Philosophy Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Philosophy, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Philosophy Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032221395"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1323,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84090909,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"106","issue":"supplement_1","first_page":"10040","last_page":"10047"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy and History of Science","score":0.9291999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy and History of Science","score":0.9291999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12471","display_name":"History of Science and Natural History","score":0.04149999842047691,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14517","display_name":"Diverse Historical and Scientific Studies","score":0.008100000210106373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/darwinian-revolution","display_name":"Darwinian revolution","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charles-darwin","display_name":"Charles Darwin","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/origin-of-species","display_name":"origin of species","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scientific-revolution","display_name":"scientific revolution","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy-of-science","display_name":"philosophy of science","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaphysics","display_name":"metaphysics","score":0.5139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolution","display_name":"evolution","score":0.35100001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-biology","display_name":"history of biology","score":0.5789999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scientific-change","display_name":"scientific change","score":0.3580000102519989}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196919123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183493","display_name":"Darwinism","level":2,"score":0.7916769981384277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","level":2,"score":0.6604607105255127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.4599567651748657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.33064091205596924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.3038923740386963}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001695","descriptor_name":"Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001695","descriptor_name":"Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001695","descriptor_name":"Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001695","descriptor_name":"Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D049671","descriptor_name":"History, 18th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049671","descriptor_name":"History, 18th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049671","descriptor_name":"History, 18th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049671","descriptor_name":"History, 18th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049672","descriptor_name":"History, 19th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049672","descriptor_name":"History, 19th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049672","descriptor_name":"History, 19th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049672","descriptor_name":"History, 19th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049673","descriptor_name":"History, 20th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049673","descriptor_name":"History, 20th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049673","descriptor_name":"History, 20th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049673","descriptor_name":"History, 20th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049674","descriptor_name":"History, 21st Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049674","descriptor_name":"History, 21st Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049674","descriptor_name":"History, 21st Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049674","descriptor_name":"History, 21st Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.0901011106","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0901011106","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0901011106","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2702797","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2702797","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:19528652","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19528652","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","raw_type":"Historical Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2702797","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2702797","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":119,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W18152670","https://openalex.org/W574417786","https://openalex.org/W581520775","https://openalex.org/W603071914","https://openalex.org/W605901928","https://openalex.org/W612883705","https://openalex.org/W613801788","https://openalex.org/W614245566","https://openalex.org/W617731352","https://openalex.org/W656191299","https://openalex.org/W1493083214","https://openalex.org/W1509896545","https://openalex.org/W1522708373","https://openalex.org/W1523010920","https://openalex.org/W1535889997","https://openalex.org/W1539968307","https://openalex.org/W1540718222","https://openalex.org/W1545804207","https://openalex.org/W1546447466","https://openalex.org/W1557116788","https://openalex.org/W1557693421","https://openalex.org/W1562680794","https://openalex.org/W1567106816","https://openalex.org/W1577075652","https://openalex.org/W1578521852","https://openalex.org/W1581079125","https://openalex.org/W1591202720","https://openalex.org/W1593551567","https://openalex.org/W1599090651","https://openalex.org/W1606584452","https://openalex.org/W1607265796","https://openalex.org/W1611432586","https://openalex.org/W1675572849","https://openalex.org/W1712215397","https://openalex.org/W1875027343","https://openalex.org/W1907853055","https://openalex.org/W1916145294","https://openalex.org/W1966334735","https://openalex.org/W1971817928","https://openalex.org/W1978981002","https://openalex.org/W1984005089","https://openalex.org/W2008503233","https://openalex.org/W2009828364","https://openalex.org/W2018104819","https://openalex.org/W2020556059","https://openalex.org/W2022263088","https://openalex.org/W2028588133","https://openalex.org/W2049035600","https://openalex.org/W2054702070","https://openalex.org/W2061249700","https://openalex.org/W2064370656","https://openalex.org/W2066261007","https://openalex.org/W2067854656","https://openalex.org/W2068599978","https://openalex.org/W2071444209","https://openalex.org/W2074397232","https://openalex.org/W2075535187","https://openalex.org/W2077922176","https://openalex.org/W2093126022","https://openalex.org/W2094951587","https://openalex.org/W2107411326","https://openalex.org/W2113135468","https://openalex.org/W2117777675","https://openalex.org/W2118105882","https://openalex.org/W2128671860","https://openalex.org/W2140361415","https://openalex.org/W2144655339","https://openalex.org/W2161899020","https://openalex.org/W2171740920","https://openalex.org/W2325742308","https://openalex.org/W2328484299","https://openalex.org/W2328511122","https://openalex.org/W2329723994","https://openalex.org/W2485343961","https://openalex.org/W2488204691","https://openalex.org/W2491891079","https://openalex.org/W2496032924","https://openalex.org/W2498259590","https://openalex.org/W2506868775","https://openalex.org/W2572427743","https://openalex.org/W2613262607","https://openalex.org/W2624262714","https://openalex.org/W2752714680","https://openalex.org/W2753533763","https://openalex.org/W2798999423","https://openalex.org/W2883512297","https://openalex.org/W2901171853","https://openalex.org/W2965328582","https://openalex.org/W3103309501","https://openalex.org/W3133768423","https://openalex.org/W3150598595","https://openalex.org/W3177108614","https://openalex.org/W3216606503","https://openalex.org/W4205193750","https://openalex.org/W4206332799","https://openalex.org/W4207067449","https://openalex.org/W4230913242","https://openalex.org/W4234277332","https://openalex.org/W4242147372","https://openalex.org/W4247194865","https://openalex.org/W4249069587","https://openalex.org/W4251619810","https://openalex.org/W4251678559","https://openalex.org/W4255016905","https://openalex.org/W4256565723","https://openalex.org/W4293277934","https://openalex.org/W4298880450","https://openalex.org/W4299530357","https://openalex.org/W4300493749","https://openalex.org/W4300567947","https://openalex.org/W4300925890","https://openalex.org/W4301029944","https://openalex.org/W4301227541","https://openalex.org/W4301478694","https://openalex.org/W4319588085","https://openalex.org/W4320918413","https://openalex.org/W4399946129","https://openalex.org/W6883041926","https://openalex.org/W6989124179"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2076586565","https://openalex.org/W4230851273","https://openalex.org/W1507739335","https://openalex.org/W2593654634","https://openalex.org/W4321261364","https://openalex.org/W1978231689","https://openalex.org/W2503360693","https://openalex.org/W158146716","https://openalex.org/W4404989224","https://openalex.org/W2066362169"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Darwinian":[1,64,78,91,106],"revolution":[2,29,85,182],"is":[3,210],"generally":[4],"taken":[5],"to":[6,197],"be":[7],"one":[8,153],"of":[9,16,26,39,45,54,100,115,123,161,190,194,208],"the":[10,14,23,36,52,55,62,97,112,121,124,146,150,156,159,162,181,188,199,206],"key":[11],"events":[12],"in":[13,35,137,149,168],"history":[15],"Western":[17],"science.":[18],"In":[19,202],"recent":[20],"years,":[21],"however,":[22],"very":[24],"notion":[25],"a":[27,77,84,90,105,131,138,169],"scientific":[28,195],"has":[30],"come":[31],"under":[32],"attack,":[33],"and":[34,42,61,119,136,158,179,185,213],"specific":[37,98],"case":[38],"Charles":[40,101,143],"Darwin":[41,144],"his":[43],"Origin":[44],"Species":[46],"there":[47,58,76,83,89,104,129],"are":[48],"serious":[49],"questions":[50],"about":[51],"nature":[53,114,157],"change":[56,196],"(if":[57],"was":[59,82,96,111,130,145,183],"such)":[60],"specifically":[63],"input.":[65],"This":[66],"article":[67],"considers":[68],"these":[69,73],"issues":[70],"by":[71],"addressing":[72],"questions:":[74],"Was":[75,88,103],"revolution?":[79,92,107],"That":[80,93,108],"is,":[81,94,109],"at":[86,166],"all?":[87],"what":[95,110,116],"contribution":[99],"Darwin?":[102],"conceptual":[113],"occurred":[117],"on":[118],"around":[120],"publication":[122],"Origin?":[125],"I":[126],"argue":[127],"that":[128,142,180],"major":[132,147],"change,":[133,151,163],"both":[134],"scientifically":[135],"broader":[139,170],"metaphysical":[140],"sense;":[141],"player":[148],"although":[152],"must":[154],"qualify":[155],"extent":[160],"looking":[164],"particularly":[165],"things":[167],"historical":[171],"context":[172],"than":[173],"just":[174],"as":[175],"an":[176],"immediate":[177],"event;":[178],"complex":[184],"we":[186],"need":[187],"insights":[189],"rather":[191],"different":[192],"philosophies":[193],"capture":[198],"whole":[200],"phenomenon.":[201],"some":[203],"respects,":[204],"indeed,":[205],"process":[207],"analysis":[209],"still":[211],"ongoing":[212],"unresolved.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
