{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2016602854","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/aiq.2005.0027","title":"Decolonizing the 1862 Death Marches","display_name":"Decolonizing the 1862 Death Marches","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2016602854","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/aiq.2005.0027","mag":"2016602854"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1353/aiq.2005.0027","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/aiq.2005.0027","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/aiq.2005.0027","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S188904407","display_name":"The American Indian Quarterly","issn_l":"0095-182X","issn":["0095-182X","1534-1828"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320162","host_organization_name":"University of Nebraska Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320162"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Nebraska Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American Indian Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025408649","display_name":"Angela Cavender Wilson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Angela Cavender Wilson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025408649"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.2598948,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"1","first_page":"185","last_page":"215"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13864","display_name":"Indigenous Cultures and History","score":0.9071999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13864","display_name":"Indigenous Cultures and History","score":0.9071999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10348","display_name":"Indigenous Health, Education, and Rights","score":0.06310000270605087,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13211","display_name":"Memory, Trauma, and Testimony","score":0.00559999980032444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fort-snelling","display_name":"Fort Snelling","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mankato","display_name":"Mankato","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colonialism","display_name":"colonialism","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decolonization","display_name":"decolonization","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/truth-telling","display_name":"truth-telling","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commemoration","display_name":"commemoration","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/healing","display_name":"healing","score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/native-american-history","display_name":"Native American history","score":0.35499998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minnesota-river","display_name":"Minnesota River","score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genocide-narratives","display_name":"genocide narratives","score":0.32100000977516174}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.48518043756484985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53553401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47307","display_name":"Genealogy","level":1,"score":0.35640400648117065}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1353/aiq.2005.0027","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/aiq.2005.0027","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/aiq.2005.0027","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S188904407","display_name":"The American Indian Quarterly","issn_l":"0095-182X","issn":["0095-182X","1534-1828"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320162","host_organization_name":"University of Nebraska Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320162"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Nebraska Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American Indian Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:muse.jhu.edu:/article/176552","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/article/176552","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196299","display_name":"Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Gender equality"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W74755911","https://openalex.org/W562929443","https://openalex.org/W578483549","https://openalex.org/W632814437","https://openalex.org/W645014324","https://openalex.org/W1486145806","https://openalex.org/W1547929268","https://openalex.org/W1568342723","https://openalex.org/W1621373383","https://openalex.org/W2132331679","https://openalex.org/W2153735485","https://openalex.org/W2171275259","https://openalex.org/W2493328659","https://openalex.org/W2904001623","https://openalex.org/W3105670253"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3034131033","https://openalex.org/W2467143687","https://openalex.org/W2011962456","https://openalex.org/W2082826953","https://openalex.org/W2035495179","https://openalex.org/W1457810435","https://openalex.org/W4386956225","https://openalex.org/W2090251968","https://openalex.org/W4243634049","https://openalex.org/W7067595763"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,215],"November":[1,336],"of":[2,37,39,46,63,69,127,135,143,149,153,163,168,190,209,224,232,241,254,257,288,296,318,345,357,381,394,399,414,482,499,555,579,618,647],"1862":[3,169],"approximately":[4],"2,100":[5],"Dakota":[6,41,70,156,228,236,400,433,464,468,493,531,559,567,583],"men,":[7],"women,":[8],"and":[9,102,138,151,213,227,235,243,383,397,406,451,456,466,541,585],"children":[10],"were":[11,59,98,461,494,593],"forcibly":[12],"moved":[13],"in":[14,140,264,391,489,522,576,642],"two":[15,57],"groups":[16,58],"from":[17,43,119,222,349],"the":[18,34,51,54,61,66,76,124,133,144,147,165,181,193,196,202,218,239,252,271,280,286,294,343,346,368,392,395,407,412,484,492,497,511,539,553,566,577,596,616,629],"Lower":[19,350],"Sioux":[20,351],"Agency":[21],"to":[22,74,82,94,100,105,146,180,206,230,320,352,437,496,518,538,551],"concentration":[23],"camps":[24],"at":[25,487,505],"either":[26],"Fort":[27,353],"Snelling":[28],"or":[29,430],"Mankato,":[30],"events":[31],"which":[32],"marked":[33],"first":[35],"phase":[36],"expulsion":[38],"our":[40,44,141,523],"people":[42,71,401],"homeland":[45],"Minisota":[47],"Makoce":[48],"(Land":[49],"Where":[50],"Waters":[52],"Reflect":[53],"Skies).1":[55],"These":[56],"paying":[60],"severest":[62],"penalties":[64],"for":[65,192,325,448,514,546,582],"retributive":[67],"actions":[68],"who":[72,80,92,516],"dared":[73,81,93],"fight":[75,83,95],"Wasicu":[77,404],"(white)":[78],"invaders,":[79],"because":[84,96],"they":[85,97,278,283,292,460,543],"could":[86,277,291],"not":[87,365,550,564,637],"take":[88],"any":[89],"more":[90],"offenses,":[91],"pushed":[99,495],"desperation":[101,500],"there":[103,313,623],"appeared":[104],"be":[106,279,293,309],"no":[107,310,315],"other":[108],"options.":[109],"This":[110,548,561],"article":[111],"will":[112,131],"examine":[113],"existing":[114],"accounts":[115],"regarding":[116],"these":[117],"removals":[118,145],"a":[120,161,175,188,255,377,438,480,520,535,588,625,638],"critical":[121],"perspective":[122],"within":[123,160],"broader":[125],"framework":[126,162],"colonialism.":[128],"Furthermore,":[129],"it":[130,185,200,570,586],"discuss":[132],"necessity":[134],"truth":[136],"telling":[137],"remembering":[139],"commemoration":[142],"achievement":[148],"healing":[150],"restoration":[152],"well-being":[154],"among":[155],"people.":[157,560],"When":[158,420],"examined":[159,390],"colonization,":[164],"U.S.-Dakota":[166],"War":[167],"is":[170,389,549,571,587],"just":[171],"one":[172,223,231],"point":[173,498],"on":[174],"continuum":[176],"that":[177,204,590],"carries":[178],"through":[179,445],"present":[182],"day,":[183],"but":[184,371,636],"also":[186],"provides":[187],"possibility":[189],"change":[191],"future.":[194],"At":[195],"most":[197],"basic":[198],"level":[199],"challenges":[201],"narrative":[203,219],"seeks":[205],"justify":[207],"policies":[208],"invasion,":[210],"forced":[211],"removal,":[212],"genocide.":[214],"doing":[216],"so":[217],"immediately":[220],"shifts":[221],"white":[225,233,580,591,633],"innocence":[226],"guilt":[229],"oppression":[234,398,423,542],"subjugation.":[237],"On":[238],"topic":[240],"violence":[242,259,267,319,363,415,527,556,562,648],"oppression,":[244,258],"Brazilian":[245],"liberationist":[246],"educator":[247],"Paulo":[248],"Freire":[249],"wrote:":[250],"With":[251],"establishment":[253],"relationship":[256],"has":[260,266],"already":[261,417,435,472,650],"begun.":[262],"Never":[263],"history":[265],"been":[268,314,418,651],"initiated":[269],"by":[270,402,530,558,609,632],"[End":[272,475],"Page":[273,476],"185]":[274],"oppressed.":[275],"How":[276,290],"initiators,":[281],"if":[282],"themselves":[284],"are":[285],"result":[287],"violence?":[289],"sponsors":[295],"something":[297],"whose":[298],"objective":[299],"inauguration":[300],"called":[301],"forth":[302],"their":[303,322,379,384,502],"existence":[304],"as":[305,479],"oppressed?":[306],"There":[307],"would":[308,574],"oppressed":[311],"had":[312,416,434,471,544],"prior":[316],"situation":[317],"establish":[321],"subjugation.2":[323],"Click":[324],"larger":[326],"view":[327],"Figure":[328],"1":[329],"The":[330,339,361,432,526],"Minnesota":[331,347],"River":[332,348],"near":[333],"Henderson,":[334],"Minnesota,":[335],"11,":[337],"2002.":[338],"march":[340],"roughly":[341],"followed":[342],"flow":[344],"Snelling.":[354],"(Photo":[355],"courtesy":[356],"Waziyatawin":[358],"Angela":[359],"Wilson.)":[360],"term":[362],"here":[364],"only":[366],"encompasses":[367],"physical":[369],"assaults":[370],"all":[372,643],"injurious":[373],"abuses":[374,607,630],"perpetrated":[375,557,608,631],"upon":[376],"people,":[378],"way":[380],"life,":[382],"land.":[385],"If":[386],"1862,":[387],"then,":[388],"context":[393],"subjugation":[396,540],"colonizing":[403],"settlers":[405],"United":[408],"States":[409],"government,":[410],"then":[411],"process":[413],"initiated.":[419],"faced":[421],"with":[422,501,628],"several":[424],"psychological":[425],"responses":[426],"result:":[427],"flight,":[428],"fight,":[429],"capitulate.":[431],"capitulated":[436],"tremendous":[439],"degree,":[440],"continually":[441],"seeking":[442],"peaceful":[443],"resolutions":[444],"treaty":[446],"negotiations":[447],"land":[449],"issues":[450],"tolerating":[452],"missionaries,":[453],"traders,":[454],"agents,":[455],"settlers,":[457],"even":[458],"when":[459],"illegally":[462],"occupying":[463],"lands":[465],"destroying":[467],"resources.":[469],"Others":[470],"fled":[473],"further":[474],"186]":[477],"west":[478],"means":[481],"escaping":[483],"oppressive":[485],"forces":[486],"work":[488],"Minnesota.":[490],"As":[491,598,641],"very":[503],"survival":[504],"stake,":[506],"however,":[507,622],"fighting":[508],"was":[509,533,624],"increasingly":[510],"likely":[512],"option":[513],"those":[515],"wished":[517],"maintain":[519],"presence":[521],"ancient":[524],"homeland.":[525],"finally":[528],"echoed":[529],"warriors":[532],"simply":[534],"defensive":[536],"response":[537],"endured":[545],"decades.":[547],"excuse":[552],"acts":[554,646],"did":[563],"advance":[565],"cause":[568],"(though":[569],"unlikely":[572],"anything":[573],"have":[575,649],"face":[578],"greed":[581],"land),":[584],"reality":[589],"families":[592],"killed":[594],"during":[595],"war.":[597],"Archbishop":[599],"Desmond":[600],"Tutu":[601],"points":[602],"out":[603],"about":[604],"human":[605],"rights":[606],"African":[610],"National":[611],"Congress":[612],"(ANC)":[613],"members":[614],"against":[615],"upholders":[617],"apartheid":[619],"South":[620,634],"Africa,":[621],"legal":[626],"equivalence":[627],"Africans":[635],"moral":[639],"equivalence.":[640],"cases":[644],"where":[645],"perpetrated,":[652],"we":[653],"can":[654],"make":[655],"important...":[656]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-09-23T05:00:35.095934","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}