{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2016484174","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0379-0738(90)90176-y","title":"An evaluation of the polymerase chain reaction method for forensic applications","display_name":"An evaluation of the polymerase chain reaction method for forensic applications","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2016484174","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0379-0738(90)90176-y","mag":"2016484174","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2361643"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0379-0738(90)90176-y","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0379-0738(90)90176-y","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0379-0738(90)90176-y","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15336283","display_name":"Forensic Science International","issn_l":"0379-0738","issn":["0379-0738","1872-6283"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Forensic Science International","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090118915","display_name":"Sara A. Westwood","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283026217","display_name":"Home Office","ror":"https://ror.org/00y81cg83","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283026217","https://openalex.org/I2802373619"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sara A. Westwood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Central Research and Support Establishment, Home Office Forensic Science Service, Reading, Berkshire, U.K","Central Research and Support Establishment, Home Office Forensic Science Service, Aldermaston, Reading, Berkshire RG7 4PN, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central Research and Support Establishment, Home Office Forensic Science Service, Reading, Berkshire, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283026217"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central Research and Support Establishment, Home Office Forensic Science Service, Aldermaston, Reading, Berkshire RG7 4PN, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283026217"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110897455","display_name":"David J. Werrett","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283026217","display_name":"Home Office","ror":"https://ror.org/00y81cg83","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283026217","https://openalex.org/I2802373619"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David J. Werrett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Central Research and Support Establishment, Home Office Forensic Science Service, Aldermaston, Reading, Berkshire, RG7 4PN U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central Research and Support Establishment, Home Office Forensic Science Service, Aldermaston, Reading, Berkshire, RG7 4PN U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283026217"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283026217"],"apc_list":{"value":4580,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4580},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6713,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89554497,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"45","issue":"3","first_page":"201","last_page":"215"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10751","display_name":"Forensic and Genetic Research","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10751","display_name":"Forensic and Genetic Research","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10012","display_name":"Genetic diversity and population structure","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11970","display_name":"Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pcr","display_name":"PCR","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forensic-dna-analysis","display_name":"forensic DNA analysis","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hla-dqa1","display_name":"HLA-DQA1","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/allele-frequency-distribution","display_name":"allele frequency distribution","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardy-weinberg-equilibrium","display_name":"Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-genetics","display_name":"population genetics","score":0.49300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hair-roots","display_name":"hair roots","score":0.5410000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bloodstains","display_name":"bloodstains","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semen","display_name":"semen","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vaginal-swabs","display_name":"vaginal swabs","score":0.9869999885559082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778093475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9715","display_name":"Semen","level":2,"score":0.856342077255249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49105822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176996","display_name":"Polymerase chain reaction","level":3,"score":0.8205757141113281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908792346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4928010","display_name":"Blood Stains","level":2,"score":0.6916487216949463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54868293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7394826","display_name":"STR analysis","level":5,"score":0.5671297907829285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552990157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430","display_name":"DNA","level":2,"score":0.5428386926651001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84597430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106227","display_name":"Locus (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.5305156111717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140505726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q495304","display_name":"Forensic science","level":2,"score":0.5281068086624146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79386861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q476697","display_name":"DNA profiling","level":3,"score":0.5143902897834778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4729430675506592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4646773934364319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.38752123713493347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180754005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80726","display_name":"Allele","level":3,"score":0.3758755922317505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61320498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q265193","display_name":"Microsatellite","level":4,"score":0.3555987477302551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153911025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202","display_name":"Molecular biology","level":1,"score":0.35446450114250183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.26427674293518066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.223953515291214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.21560773253440857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.18770956993103027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000483","descriptor_name":"Alleles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001801","descriptor_name":"Blood Stains","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004247","descriptor_name":"DNA","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004247","descriptor_name":"DNA","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004587","descriptor_name":"Electrophoresis, Agar Gel","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005554","descriptor_name":"Forensic Medicine","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005784","descriptor_name":"Gene Amplification","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006197","descriptor_name":"Hair","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006683","descriptor_name":"HLA-DQ Antigens","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009693","descriptor_name":"Nucleic Acid Hybridization","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011110","descriptor_name":"Polymorphism, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011237","descriptor_name":"Predictive Value of Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012661","descriptor_name":"Semen","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014621","descriptor_name":"Vagina","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015345","descriptor_name":"Oligonucleotide Probes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016133","descriptor_name":"Polymerase Chain Reaction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0379-0738(90)90176-y","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0379-0738(90)90176-y","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0379-0738(90)90176-y","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15336283","display_name":"Forensic Science International","issn_l":"0379-0738","issn":["0379-0738","1872-6283"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Forensic Science International","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:2361643","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2361643","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Forensic science international","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.4043000042438507,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332359","display_name":"Office of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00mmn6b08"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1513717105","https://openalex.org/W1629931862","https://openalex.org/W1950941757","https://openalex.org/W1968087380","https://openalex.org/W1969267177","https://openalex.org/W1975709149","https://openalex.org/W1990278325","https://openalex.org/W1997521650","https://openalex.org/W1998093615","https://openalex.org/W1998165384","https://openalex.org/W2004367648","https://openalex.org/W2010933912","https://openalex.org/W2012061944","https://openalex.org/W2030903599","https://openalex.org/W2032118018","https://openalex.org/W2035552978","https://openalex.org/W2050717506","https://openalex.org/W2054554443","https://openalex.org/W2063392648","https://openalex.org/W2071697240","https://openalex.org/W2079490247","https://openalex.org/W2101173267","https://openalex.org/W2142841345","https://openalex.org/W2144634347","https://openalex.org/W2615569965"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1494086551","https://openalex.org/W4321428341","https://openalex.org/W194736310","https://openalex.org/W2332196622","https://openalex.org/W2021583348","https://openalex.org/W612373117","https://openalex.org/W4253564859","https://openalex.org/W2024662493","https://openalex.org/W2097768393","https://openalex.org/W4320800534"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}