{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2016450659","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00420989120080231","title":"The Effect of Job Access on Black and White Youth Employment: A Cross-sectional Analysis","display_name":"The Effect of Job Access on Black and White Youth Employment: A Cross-sectional Analysis","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2016450659","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00420989120080231","mag":"2016450659"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/00420989120080231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00420989120080231","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00420989120080231","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S50366009","display_name":"Urban Studies","issn_l":"0042-0980","issn":["0042-0980","1360-063X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","fnege-2","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Urban Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062533413","display_name":"Keith R. Ihlanfeldt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0759-6769","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0759-6769"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181565077","display_name":"Georgia State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03qt6ba18","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181565077"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keith R. Ihlanfeldt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Policy Research Program, College of Business Administration, Georgia State University, University Plaza, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Policy Research Program, College of Business Administration, Georgia State University, University Plaza, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181565077"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077751026","display_name":"David L. Sjoquist","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3020-6267","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3020-6267"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181565077","display_name":"Georgia State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03qt6ba18","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181565077"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David L. Sjoquist","raw_affiliation_strings":["Policy Research Program, College of Business Administration, Georgia State University, University Plaza, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Policy Research Program, College of Business Administration, Georgia State University, University Plaza, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181565077"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181565077"],"apc_list":{"value":3900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3900},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.2162,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":109,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98775307,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"2","first_page":"255","last_page":"265"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11645","display_name":"Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies","score":0.649399995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11645","display_name":"Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies","score":0.649399995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13762","display_name":"Education and Labor Relations","score":0.13660000264644623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.09830000251531601,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/youth-employment","display_name":"youth employment","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-to-employment","display_name":"access to employment","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-disparities","display_name":"racial disparities","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-youth","display_name":"Black youth","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-youth","display_name":"white youth","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employment-probability","display_name":"employment probability","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-cities","display_name":"central cities","score":0.5519999861717224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56273599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3122841","display_name":"White (mutation)","level":3,"score":0.7955818176269531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.5780606865882874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.36881789565086365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3371415138244629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3267025947570801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.25398585200309753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/00420989120080231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00420989120080231","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00420989120080231","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S50366009","display_name":"Urban Studies","issn_l":"0042-0980","issn":["0042-0980","1360-063X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","fnege-2","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Urban Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.829.2071","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.829.2071","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://usj.sagepub.com/content/28/2/255.full.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:sae:urbstu:v:28:y:1991:i:2:p:255-265","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1080/00420989120080231","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":1.0,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.9629999995231628,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W143260985","https://openalex.org/W578893851","https://openalex.org/W654398407","https://openalex.org/W1500804170","https://openalex.org/W1514154236","https://openalex.org/W1873283380","https://openalex.org/W1968361756","https://openalex.org/W1974680810","https://openalex.org/W1985370932","https://openalex.org/W1994273421","https://openalex.org/W1994413315","https://openalex.org/W2000703312","https://openalex.org/W2004877893","https://openalex.org/W2044491619","https://openalex.org/W2045170515","https://openalex.org/W2051950769","https://openalex.org/W2053010140","https://openalex.org/W2067191894","https://openalex.org/W2092070612","https://openalex.org/W2094394356","https://openalex.org/W2154598110","https://openalex.org/W2168591711","https://openalex.org/W2261544862","https://openalex.org/W2316635333","https://openalex.org/W2321276829","https://openalex.org/W2487158258","https://openalex.org/W3121172736","https://openalex.org/W3122782995","https://openalex.org/W3126043630","https://openalex.org/W4298197486","https://openalex.org/W6632338449"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2243240964","https://openalex.org/W2161310992","https://openalex.org/W7098257088","https://openalex.org/W2111305046","https://openalex.org/W3121877380","https://openalex.org/W6996878725","https://openalex.org/W2012529878","https://openalex.org/W2067012961","https://openalex.org/W7036152821","https://openalex.org/W7005993339"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"examines":[2],"the":[3,11,29,37],"effect":[4],"of":[5,14,32,39,45],"access":[6],"to":[7],"employment":[8,12,47],"opportunities":[9],"on":[10,26],"probabilities":[13],"black":[15],"and":[16],"white":[17],"youth":[18],"aged":[19],"16-19":[20],"years.":[21],"The":[22],"empirical":[23],"results,":[24],"based":[25],"data":[27],"from":[28],"central":[30],"cities":[31],"43":[33],"SMSAs,":[34],"suggest":[35],"that":[36],"nearness":[38],"jobs":[40],"is":[41],"an":[42],"important":[43],"determinant":[44],"teenager":[46],"probability.":[48]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}