{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2016441225","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002200949503000404","title":"The 'Perfect Contraceptive': Eugenics and Birth Control Research in Britain and America in the Interwar Years","display_name":"The 'Perfect Contraceptive': Eugenics and Birth Control Research in Britain and America in the Interwar Years","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2016441225","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002200949503000404","mag":"2016441225"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/002200949503000404","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002200949503000404","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002200949503000404","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S161550498","display_name":"Journal of Contemporary History","issn_l":"0022-0094","issn":["0022-0094","1461-7250"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Contemporary History","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034978467","display_name":"Richard Allen Soloway","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Richard A. Soloway","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034978467"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.25317912,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"4","first_page":"637","last_page":"664"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13332","display_name":"Historical Studies on Reproduction, Gender, Health, and Societal Changes","score":0.6000999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13332","display_name":"Historical Studies on Reproduction, Gender, Health, and Societal Changes","score":0.6000999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12575","display_name":"Medical History and Research","score":0.3962000012397766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12778","display_name":"History of Medicine and Tropical Health","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eugenics","display_name":"eugenics","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contraception","display_name":"contraception","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-planning","display_name":"family planning","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interwar-period","display_name":"interwar period","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/birth-control-movement","display_name":"birth control movement","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-contraception","display_name":"history of contraception","score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/britain","display_name":"Great Britain","score":0.4950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/united-states","display_name":"United States","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparative-history","display_name":"comparative history","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hereditarianism","display_name":"hereditarianism","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-reform","display_name":"social reform","score":0.5109999775886536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140610115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170480","display_name":"Eugenics","level":2,"score":0.9699112176895142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777047313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192957","display_name":"Reactionary","level":3,"score":0.8201096653938293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781400533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122224","display_name":"Birth control","level":5,"score":0.557440459728241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778732403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815577","display_name":"Ignorance","level":2,"score":0.5209568738937378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.4572441577911377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3966653048992157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.36858659982681274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.3567580580711365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3459133505821228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95124753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875686","display_name":"Environmental ethics","level":1,"score":0.3344041109085083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2549261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43455","display_name":"Ethnology","level":1,"score":0.3317890167236328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.31616348028182983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.25763118267059326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.21047377586364746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.1586521565914154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.12084105610847473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779076696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1280670","display_name":"Family planning","level":4,"score":0.10918682813644409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986817661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185698","display_name":"Research methodology","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/002200949503000404","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002200949503000404","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002200949503000404","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S161550498","display_name":"Journal of Contemporary History","issn_l":"0022-0094","issn":["0022-0094","1461-7250"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Contemporary History","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/528251","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10822/528251","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"156557","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2014352341","https://openalex.org/W2016201318","https://openalex.org/W2236435269"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2089577669","https://openalex.org/W2125510372","https://openalex.org/W3157015534","https://openalex.org/W2801859452","https://openalex.org/W4290755515","https://openalex.org/W603719957","https://openalex.org/W4404184486","https://openalex.org/W3025921894","https://openalex.org/W2015207346","https://openalex.org/W1534646600"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"the":[3,36,40,56,60,74,83,87,93,96,102,116,133,143,174,183,198,204,210,224,228,242,246],"study":[4],"of":[5,18,31,45,47,62,73,95,128,142,166,186,207,212,227,245],"eugenics":[6,63],"and":[7,13,58,139,254,259],"birth":[8,75,112,248],"control,":[9],"particularly":[10],"in":[11,59,78,86,147,180,223,256],"Britain":[12,258],"America,":[14],"has":[15,25,35,104,119,154],"become":[16],"something":[17],"a":[19,160,176,194,238],"scholarly":[20],"industry.":[21],"The":[22,111],"former":[23],"subject":[24],"tended":[26],"to":[27,131,203],"preoccupy":[28],"more":[29],"students":[30,46],"British":[32],"history":[33],"than":[34],"latter,":[37],"while":[38],"just":[39],"opposite":[41],"had":[42,218],"been":[43,108,120,155],"true":[44],"American":[48],"history.":[49],"On":[50],"rare":[51],"occasions,":[52],"scholars":[53],"have":[54,81],"spanned":[55],"Atlantic":[57],"case":[61],"at":[64],"least,":[65],"offered":[66],"important":[67,221],"comparative":[68],"insights.":[69],"Although":[70],"some":[71],"historians":[72],"control":[76,113,249],"movements":[77],"both":[79,257],"countries":[80],"noted":[82],"eugenic":[84],"dimension":[85],"early":[88],"campaign":[89],"for":[90,115],"family":[91],"planning,":[92],"importance":[94],"close,":[97],"often":[98],"uncomfortable":[99],"relationship":[100],"between":[101],"two":[103],"by":[105,152,173],"no":[106],"means":[107],"fully":[109],"recognized.'":[110],"movement":[114,250],"most":[117],"part":[118],"depicted":[121],"as":[122,159,171,237],"an":[123,220],"ultimately":[124],"successful,":[125],"heroic":[126],"struggle":[127],"far-sighted":[129],"reformers":[130],"overcome":[132],"ignorance,":[134],"prudery,":[135],"obscurantism,":[136],"religious":[137],"bigotry":[138],"moral":[140],"hypocrisy":[141],"dominant":[144],"reactionary":[145,168],"forces":[146],"their":[148],"respective":[149],"societies.":[150],"Eugenics,":[151],"contrast,":[153],"seen":[156],"not":[157],"only":[158],"failure":[161],"broadly":[162],"associated":[163],"with":[164],"many":[165],"these":[167],"elements,":[169],"but":[170],"fashioned":[172],"nazis,":[175],"horrific":[177],"disaster":[178],"that":[179,196],"retrospect":[181],"seemed":[182],"inevitable":[184],"outcome":[185],"pseudo-scientific,":[187],"hereditarian":[188],"determinism":[189],"run":[190],"wild.":[191],"It":[192],"is":[193],"legacy":[195],"after":[197],"second":[199],"world":[200],"war":[201],"led":[202],"virtual":[205],"exclusion":[206],"'eugenics'":[208],"from":[209,241],"lexicon":[211],"scientific":[213],"social":[214],"reform,":[215],"where":[216,251],"it":[217,232],"played":[219],"role":[222,253],"first":[225],"half":[226],"twentieth":[229],"century.":[230],"But":[231],"was":[233,261],"also":[234],"largely":[235],"expunged":[236],"painful":[239],"embarrassment":[240],"historical":[243],"memory":[244],"triumphant":[247],"its":[252],"support":[255],"America":[260],"far":[262]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}