{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2016407336","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2011.534386","title":"Minimum parking requirements and housing affordability in New York City","display_name":"Minimum parking requirements and housing affordability in New York City","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2016407336","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2011.534386","mag":"2016407336"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10511482.2011.534386","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2011.534386","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2011.534386","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52853039","display_name":"Housing Policy Debate","issn_l":"1051-1482","issn":["1051-1482","2152-050X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Housing Policy Debate","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028454213","display_name":"Simon McDonnell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Simon McDonnell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Furman Center for Real Estate and Urban Policy, New York University, 139 MacDougal Street, 2nd Floor, New York, 10012, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Furman Center for Real Estate and Urban Policy, New York University, 139 MacDougal Street, 2nd Floor, New York, 10012, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030717406","display_name":"Josiah R. Madar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Josiah Madar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Furman Center for Real Estate and Urban Policy, New York University, 139 MacDougal Street, 2nd Floor, New York, 10012, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Furman Center for Real Estate and Urban Policy, New York University, 139 MacDougal Street, 2nd Floor, New York, 10012, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010345222","display_name":"Vicki Been","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vicki Been","raw_affiliation_strings":["Furman Center for Real Estate and Urban Policy, New York University, 139 MacDougal Street, 2nd Floor, New York, 10012, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Furman Center for Real Estate and Urban Policy, New York University, 139 MacDougal Street, 2nd Floor, New York, 10012, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028454213"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.1779,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":61,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98719188,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"1","first_page":"45","last_page":"68"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10632","display_name":"Housing Market and Economics","score":0.524399995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10632","display_name":"Housing Market and Economics","score":0.524399995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.21889999508857727,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12546","display_name":"Smart Parking Systems Research","score":0.1031000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-parking-requirements","display_name":"minimum parking requirements","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/housing-affordability","display_name":"housing affordability","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/off-street-parking","display_name":"off-street parking","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/housing-development","display_name":"housing development","score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zoning-regulations","display_name":"zoning law","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parking-supply","display_name":"parking supply","score":0.38999998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/new-york-city","display_name":"New York City","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rail-transit-stations","display_name":"rail transit stations","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-ownership-costs","display_name":"car ownership costs","score":0.48899999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parking-subsidies","display_name":"parking subsidies","score":0.3619999885559082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520944541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q702232","display_name":"Zoning","level":2,"score":0.884197473526001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.7068145275115967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.5844835638999939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84265765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193219","display_name":"Subsidy","level":2,"score":0.5334399342536926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16118543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275372","display_name":"Externality","level":2,"score":0.5040246844291687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4934920072555542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30772137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164762","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.4923332929611206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778022998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q651136","display_name":"Transit (satellite)","level":3,"score":0.47832822799682617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.35852017998695374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539828613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178512","display_name":"Public transport","level":2,"score":0.297980397939682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.24067679047584534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1582549810409546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.14227703213691711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.12415167689323425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10152745246887207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/10511482.2011.534386","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2011.534386","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2011.534386","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52853039","display_name":"Housing Policy Debate","issn_l":"1051-1482","issn":["1051-1482","2152-050X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Housing Policy Debate","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.998.8843","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.998.8843","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://furmancenter.org/files/publications/Min_Parking_Requirement_TRB_1.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:taf:houspd:v:21:y:2011:i:1:p:45-68","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/10511482.2011.534386","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W218970243","https://openalex.org/W591001269","https://openalex.org/W618073082","https://openalex.org/W621847589","https://openalex.org/W1534195714","https://openalex.org/W1534519829","https://openalex.org/W1535403924","https://openalex.org/W1562051227","https://openalex.org/W1578913569","https://openalex.org/W1595434764","https://openalex.org/W1606158740","https://openalex.org/W1744692057","https://openalex.org/W1764692934","https://openalex.org/W1925333295","https://openalex.org/W2008075105","https://openalex.org/W2010827946","https://openalex.org/W2059541894","https://openalex.org/W2083266212","https://openalex.org/W2088601495","https://openalex.org/W2090441848","https://openalex.org/W2112383081","https://openalex.org/W2161574422","https://openalex.org/W2186288138","https://openalex.org/W2475458100","https://openalex.org/W3140739138","https://openalex.org/W4229861502"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W631300572","https://openalex.org/W1568762646","https://openalex.org/W1744692057","https://openalex.org/W7100154048","https://openalex.org/W2913705712","https://openalex.org/W2999568299","https://openalex.org/W2499699767","https://openalex.org/W7099528831","https://openalex.org/W832941772","https://openalex.org/W7096041477"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"cities":[1,273],"throughout":[2],"the":[3,43,56,59,93,111,119,161,170,181,199,230,240,268,285],"United":[4],"States":[5],"require":[6],"developers":[7,47,225,254],"of":[8,17,35,45,63,72,163,202,207,233,261],"new":[9,38],"residential":[10,304],"construction":[11],"to":[12,77,95,99,104,114,130,138,140,148,156,169,227,283,289,297],"provide":[13],"a":[14,52],"minimum":[15,115,232,241],"number":[16,44,162,171,201],"accompanying":[18],"off-street":[19],"parking":[20,36,73,116,132,157,183,234,242,259,278,301],"spaces.":[21],"However,":[22],"critics":[23,86],"argue":[24],"that":[25,165,180,221,239,253,270],"these":[26],"requirements":[27,57,94,117,133,158,243,286],"increase":[28],"housing":[29,39],"costs":[30,62],"by":[31,41,66,159,173,222,236,250],"bundling":[32],"an":[33],"oversupply":[34],"with":[37,274],"and":[40,81,118,128,223,252,276],"reducing":[42,92],"units":[46],"could":[48],"otherwise":[49],"fit":[50],"on":[51,189,212],"given":[53],"lot.":[54],"Furthermore,":[55],"reduce":[58],"subsequent":[60],"direct":[61],"car":[64],"ownership":[65],"forcing":[67],"up-front,":[68],"or":[69,89],"subsidizing,":[70],"consumption":[71],"spaces,":[74],"which":[75],"leads":[76],"increases":[78],"in":[79,134,185,192,214,272,299],"auto-use":[80],"its":[82],"related":[83],"externalities.":[84],"Such":[85],"advocate":[87],"eliminating":[88],"at":[90],"least":[91],"be":[96],"more":[97,287],"responsive":[98],"locational":[100],"context,":[101],"particularly":[102],"proximity":[103],"transit.":[105],"In":[106],"this":[107],"article,":[108],"we":[109,152],"explore":[110],"theoretical":[112],"objections":[113],"limited":[120],"empirical":[121],"literature.":[122],"We":[123,218],"then":[124],"use":[125],"lot-level":[126],"data":[127],"GIS":[129],"analyze":[131],"New":[135,186],"York":[136,187],"City":[137],"determine":[139],"what":[141],"extent":[142],"they":[143],"are":[144,166,244,295],"already":[145],"effectively":[146],"sensitive":[147],"transit":[149,196,215],"proximity.":[150],"Finally,":[151],"examine":[153],"developer":[154],"response":[155],"comparing":[160],"spaces":[164,203,302],"actually":[167],"built":[168],"required":[172,200,235],"applicable":[174],"zoning":[175],"law.":[176],"Our":[177,265],"results":[178,266],"indicate":[179],"per-unit":[182],"requirement":[184],"is,":[188],"average,":[190,213],"lower":[191],"areas":[193],"near":[194],"rail":[195],"stations,":[197],"but":[198],"per":[204],"square":[205],"foot":[206],"lot":[208],"area":[209],"is":[210,281],"higher,":[211],"accessible":[216],"areas.":[217],"also":[219],"find":[220],"large,":[224],"tend":[226],"build":[228,258],"only":[229],"bare":[231],"zoning,":[237],"suggesting":[238],"binding":[245],"for":[246],"developers,":[247],"as":[248],"argued":[249],"critics,":[251],"do":[255],"not":[256],"simply":[257],"out":[260],"perceived":[262],"marked":[263],"need.":[264],"raise":[267],"possibility":[269],"even":[271],"complex":[275],"tailored":[277],"requirements,":[279],"there":[280],"room":[282],"tie":[284],"closely":[288],"contextual":[290],"factors.":[291],"Further,":[292],"such":[293],"changes":[294],"likely":[296],"result":[298],"fewer":[300],"from":[303],"developers.":[305]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}