{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2016402536","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00197239","title":"Observed abnormalities in mandibles of nestling bald eagles Haliaeetus leucocephalus","display_name":"Observed abnormalities in mandibles of nestling bald eagles Haliaeetus leucocephalus","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2016402536","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00197239","mag":"2016402536","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7919724"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf00197239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00197239","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00197239","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106502101","display_name":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","issn_l":"0007-4861","issn":["0007-4861","1432-0800"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045516935","display_name":"William W. Bowerman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5970-8812","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5970-8812"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. W. Bowerman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Pesticide Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824","Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Pesticide Research Center, Institute for Environmental Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Pesticide Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Pesticide Research Center, Institute for Environmental Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066935411","display_name":"Timothy J. Kubiak","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343028186","display_name":"United States Fish and Wildlife Service","ror":"https://ror.org/04k7dar27","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1335927249","https://openalex.org/I1343028186"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. J. Kubiak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Environmental Contaminants, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 4401 North Fairfax Drive, 22203, Arlington, Virginia, USA","Division of Environmental Contaminants, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Arlington, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Environmental Contaminants, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 4401 North Fairfax Drive, 22203, Arlington, Virginia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343028186"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Environmental Contaminants, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Arlington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343028186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109879776","display_name":"John B. Holt","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. B. Holt","raw_affiliation_strings":["858 Johnson Street, 01845, North Andover, Massachusetts, USA","North Andover, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"858 Johnson Street, 01845, North Andover, Massachusetts, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Andover, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022857469","display_name":"DAVID L. EVANS","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3569-9811","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3569-9811"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. L. Evans","raw_affiliation_strings":["2928 Greysolon Road, 55812, Duluth, Minnesota, USA","Duluth, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"2928 Greysolon Road, 55812, Duluth, Minnesota, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duluth, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009668148","display_name":"Ronald G. Eckstein","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799428307","display_name":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/03nmkqc55","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799428307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. G. Eckstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Bureau of Wildlife Management, P.O. Box 576, 53186, Rhinelander, Wisconsin, USA","Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Bureau of Wildlife Management, Rhinelander, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Bureau of Wildlife Management, P.O. Box 576, 53186, Rhinelander, Wisconsin, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799428307"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Bureau of Wildlife Management, Rhinelander, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799428307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051041714","display_name":"Charles R. Sindelar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. R. Sindelar","raw_affiliation_strings":["S47 W22300 Lawnsdale Road, 53186, Waukesha, Wisconsin, USA","Waukesha, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"S47 W22300 Lawnsdale Road, 53186, Waukesha, Wisconsin, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Waukesha, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106184882","display_name":"David Albert Best","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343028186","display_name":"United States Fish and Wildlife Service","ror":"https://ror.org/04k7dar27","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1335927249","https://openalex.org/I1343028186"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. A. Best","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1405 South Harrison Road, Room 302, 48823, Michigan, East Lansing, USA","U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Michigan, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1405 South Harrison Road, Room 302, 48823, Michigan, East Lansing, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343028186"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Michigan, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343028186"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025125396","display_name":"Karin D. Kozie","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405260857","display_name":"Wrangell\u2013St. Elias National Park and Preserve","ror":"https://ror.org/04cq7sd97","country_code":"US","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304808963","https://openalex.org/I1335927249","https://openalex.org/I4405260857"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. D. Kozie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wrangell-St. Elias National Park, P.O. Box 29, 99588, Glen Allen, Alaska, USA","Glen Allen, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wrangell-St. Elias National Park, P.O. Box 29, 99588, Glen Allen, Alaska, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405260857"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Glen Allen, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4467,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8758462,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"53","issue":"3","first_page":"450","last_page":"457"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10447","display_name":"Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology","score":0.7964000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10447","display_name":"Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology","score":0.7964000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10122","display_name":"Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact","score":0.03759999945759773,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12417","display_name":"Morphological variations and asymmetry","score":0.028599999845027924,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2608","display_name":"Geometry and Topology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bald-eagle","display_name":"bald eagle","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nestlings","display_name":"nestlings","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skeletal-deformities","display_name":"skeletal deformities","score":0.6850000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2911120890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127216","display_name":"Bald eagle","level":2,"score":0.8585302233695984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115346097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412144","display_name":"Ecotoxicology","level":2,"score":0.6517787575721741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4820359945297241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90856448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431","display_name":"Zoology","level":1,"score":0.4452115297317505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.4144662320613861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.38436681032180786}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000831","descriptor_name":"Animals, Newborn","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001717","descriptor_name":"Birds","qualifier_ui":"Q000002","qualifier_name":"abnormalities","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001717","descriptor_name":"Birds","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006114","descriptor_name":"Great Lakes Region","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008334","descriptor_name":"Mandible","qualifier_ui":"Q000002","qualifier_name":"abnormalities","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011078","descriptor_name":"Polychlorinated Biphenyls","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011078","descriptor_name":"Polychlorinated Biphenyls","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014874","descriptor_name":"Water Pollutants, Chemical","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf00197239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00197239","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00197239","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106502101","display_name":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","issn_l":"0007-4861","issn":["0007-4861","1432-0800"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:7919724","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7919724","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4854367","https://openalex.org/W138695939","https://openalex.org/W1586414236","https://openalex.org/W1969695474","https://openalex.org/W1974103513","https://openalex.org/W1987495019","https://openalex.org/W2005924117","https://openalex.org/W2012933835","https://openalex.org/W2017404126","https://openalex.org/W2018768690","https://openalex.org/W2047474319","https://openalex.org/W2048168458","https://openalex.org/W2088124622","https://openalex.org/W2090951516","https://openalex.org/W2091489768","https://openalex.org/W2095270023","https://openalex.org/W2137522518","https://openalex.org/W2289253115","https://openalex.org/W2329335743","https://openalex.org/W2799729295","https://openalex.org/W2911072530"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6996775106","https://openalex.org/W7093308513","https://openalex.org/W2799729295","https://openalex.org/W4244059964","https://openalex.org/W2595596993","https://openalex.org/W4243148647","https://openalex.org/W6885075573","https://openalex.org/W6989949757","https://openalex.org/W57238374","https://openalex.org/W7036939019"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}