{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2016397968","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.44743","title":"Faking it - I The Menace of Counterfeit Drugs","display_name":"Faking it - I The Menace of Counterfeit Drugs","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2016397968","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.44743","mag":"2016397968","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19823606","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2755136"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4103/0019-5545.44743","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.44743","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.44743","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S25288002","display_name":"Indian Journal of Psychiatry","issn_l":"0019-5545","issn":["0019-5545","1998-3794"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320448","host_organization_name":"Medknow","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320448","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medknow","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Indian Journal of Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.44743","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035035699","display_name":"G Swaminath","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"G Swaminath","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Medical College, Kadugondanahalli, Bangalore- 560 045, Karnataka, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Medical College, Kadugondanahalli, Bangalore- 560 045, Karnataka, India","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035035699"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3312,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67935942,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"50","issue":"4","first_page":"238","last_page":"238"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12878","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Quality and Counterfeiting","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12878","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Quality and Counterfeiting","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11792","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11838","display_name":"Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/counterfeit-medicines","display_name":"counterfeit drugs","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generic-drugs","display_name":"generic drugs","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-regulation","display_name":"drug regulation","score":0.5040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current-good-manufacturing-practice","display_name":"current good manufacturing practice","score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grey-economy","display_name":"grey economy","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-efficacy-and-safety","display_name":"drug safety and efficacy","score":0.49799999594688416}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779356469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q502918","display_name":"Counterfeit","level":2,"score":0.7114193439483643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909665878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3140895","display_name":"Counterfeit Drugs","level":3,"score":0.5302431583404541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.4244050085544586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.39645102620124817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.36603742837905884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556039675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771035","display_name":"Traditional medicine","level":1,"score":0.3506072163581848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2904837727546692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.19606143236160278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.11774680018424988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.09727290272712708}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4103/0019-5545.44743","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.44743","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.44743","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S25288002","display_name":"Indian Journal of Psychiatry","issn_l":"0019-5545","issn":["0019-5545","1998-3794"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320448","host_organization_name":"Medknow","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320448","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medknow","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Indian Journal of Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2755136","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2755136","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Indian J Psychiatry","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:19823606","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19823606","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Indian journal of psychiatry","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4103/0019-5545.44743","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.44743","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.44743","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S25288002","display_name":"Indian Journal of Psychiatry","issn_l":"0019-5545","issn":["0019-5545","1998-3794"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320448","host_organization_name":"Medknow","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320448","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medknow","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Indian Journal of Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1848376993","https://openalex.org/W1965527495","https://openalex.org/W2751432271"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4230651549","https://openalex.org/W2010584489","https://openalex.org/W2024970027","https://openalex.org/W2796428757","https://openalex.org/W2001749606","https://openalex.org/W2565975772","https://openalex.org/W2501312364","https://openalex.org/W4254469870","https://openalex.org/W2554658264","https://openalex.org/W4239107045"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"TRUE":[0],"LIES":[1],"In":[2,730,756,1417],"a":[3,61,123,176,179,196,268,274,365,385,426,436,599,603,655,780,785,797,827,844,948,1122,1167,1192,1338,1357,1371,1591],"blow":[4],"to":[5,48,50,84,91,121,214,267,348,400,406,417,443,483,488,506,519,565,584,675,768,864,870,937,1014,1060,1064,1075,1132,1314,1336,1359,1386,1438,1442,1465,1479,1493,1541,1575,1590,1656],"the":[6,16,21,38,67,71,75,82,93,109,118,146,158,171,182,192,200,209,215,229,247,251,277,294,339,357,388,401,410,418,433,548,561,630,636,733,760,816,822,824,831,865,906,910,975,981,992,1030,1052,1057,1101,1110,1173,1178,1197,1204,1226,1233,1248,1254,1266,1274,1297,1303,1312,1332,1342,1460,1473,1476,1508,1529,1543,1547,1554,1561,1571,1598,1601,1604,1613,1623,1630,1650,1654,1657],"revenues":[7,908],"of":[8,15,42,66,97,139,186,194,199,208,228,250,297,307,326,338,368,387,425,435,475,516,529,632,639,749,826,839,857,886,909,924,940,942,973,983,994,1042,1093,1112,1127,1143,1151,1194,1203,1211,1225,1259,1268,1272,1276,1351,1374,1436,1447,1459,1475,1485,1491,1499,1531,1546,1597,1612],"India's":[9],"largest":[10],"pharmaceutical":[11,556],"manufacturer":[12],"and":[13,25,79,114,141,184,239,301,412,446,500,502,569,578,670,686,697,720,723,748,776,800,813,847,867,897,932,966,1005,1016,1036,1047,1172,1191,1201,1214,1238,1241,1251,1280,1305,1316,1320,1390,1396,1411,1425,1515,1533,1536,1567,1569,1582,1603,1609,1615,1637],"one":[14,227,1189,1458],"world's":[17,201,210,327],"leading":[18,366],"generic":[19,33,188,445,605,1134,1509],"companies,":[20,889,926],"United":[22],"States":[23],"Food":[24],"Drug":[26,1103,1106],"Administration":[27],"(FDA)":[28],"has":[29,58,173,191,1367,1454,1522],"blacklisted":[30,72,98],"about":[31],"30":[32],"drugs":[34,205,329,371,552,574,651,896,946,985,999,1019,1068,1078,1228,1246,1282,1291,1319,1468,1535,1639],"being":[35,195],"manufactured":[36,69,609],"by":[37,108,132,344,373,524,547,712,1040,1302],"company":[39,177],"at":[40,299,377,381,796,1155],"two":[41],"their":[43,137,943,1230,1284,1294],"manufacturing":[44,302,679],"sites,":[45,73],"citing":[46],"failure":[47],"adhere":[49],"current":[51],"Good":[52,350],"Manufacturing":[53,351],"Practices":[54,352],"requirements.":[55],"The":[56,242,286,309,543,573,658,969,1008,1148,1208,1257,1328,1518,1594],"US":[57],"not":[59,315,1310],"sought":[60,64],"ban":[62],"nor":[63],"withdrawal":[65],"products":[68,128,408,448,461,465,537,1427],"from":[70,254,261,273,356,593,1399,1528],"as":[74,361,382,384,393,449,451,580,582,744,773,962,1070,1088,1090,1099,1457,1649],"FDA's":[76],"repeated":[77],"testing":[78],"review":[80],"led":[81],"agency":[83],"conclude":[85],"that":[86,105,126,170,319,322,550,621,782,1023,1428],"there":[87,1186],"is":[88,111,167,226,291,359,364,394,545,779,784,818,851,868,972,990,1012,1022,1038,1157,1187,1324,1331,1341,1463,1551,1559,1652],"no":[89,727,788,987],"reason":[90,1009],"question":[92],"safety":[94,140,185],"or":[95,430,472,478,486,512,527,535,540,607,1326,1364,1414,1432],"effectiveness":[96],"drugs.[1]":[99],"There":[100,778,1083,1120,1136],"are":[101,330,342,563,592,652,738,764,803,935,947,956,1025,1072,1084,1121,1206,1380,1422,1564,1580],"many":[102,1126],"who":[103,148,955,977,1055,1066,1165,1176,1307,1334],"feel":[104],"this":[106,221,1037,1118,1181,1470,1481,1585],"action":[107],"FDA":[110,119,160],"unduly":[112],"harsh":[113],"probably":[115,991],"protectionist.":[116],"However,":[117,830,1403],"wants":[120],"send":[122],"clear":[124],"signal":[125],"drug":[127,155,211,375,888,925,1053,1510],"intended":[129],"for":[130,152,181,432,596,602,892,898,950,952,997,1001,1032,1079,1253],"use":[131,588,1412],"American":[133],"consumers":[134],"must":[135],"meet":[136,1542],"standards":[138,1545],"quality.[1]":[142],"To":[143],"those":[144,641,766,954,1360,1576],"around":[145,1094,1123,1158],"world":[147],"were":[149],"cursing":[150],"India":[151,190,362,989,1021,1098,1154],"its":[153,187,1452],"poor":[154,489,1304],"regulatory":[156,1520,1555],"record,":[157],"present":[159,1156],"sanction":[161],"seems":[162],"like":[163,754,1236],"divine":[164],"retribution.":[165],"It":[166,334,883,904,920,1462,1550,1558],"nevertheless":[168],"unfortunate":[169],"axe":[172],"fallen":[174],"on":[175,283,1653],"with":[178,293,396,415,466,496,538,614,666,672,701,707,717,787,805,986,1182,1487],"reputation":[180,923,1345],"affordability":[183],"drugs.":[189,203,1135],"notoriety":[193],"major":[197,1162,1372],"producer":[198],"counterfeit":[202,403,551,650,858,1375,1415,1638],"Counterfeit":[204,460],"form":[206,1166],"10%":[207],"trade":[212,222],"according":[213,347],"World":[216],"Health":[217],"Organisation":[218],"(WHO).":[219],"Globally,":[220],"in":[223,276,279,304,332,390,404,624,629,649,834,894,917,930,958,980,1020,1045,1097,1153,1263,1451,1469,1497,1578,1621,1629,1647],"fake":[224,835,984,1018,1636],"medicines":[225,737,763,859,1058],"fastest":[230],"growing":[231,252],"grey":[232],"economies":[233],"\u2013":[234],"after":[235,1196],"prostitution,":[236],"narcotics,":[237],"terrorism,":[238],"arms":[240],"trade.[2]":[241],"Mashelkar":[243],"Committee,[3]":[244],"which":[245,259,591,611,912,1243,1353,1502],"studied":[246],"various":[248],"aspects":[249],"threat":[253],"spurious":[255,328,644,998,1227,1279,1290,1318,1467,1532],"drugs,":[256,645,677,1599],"quoted":[257,270],"figures":[258],"varied":[260],"0.5%":[262],"(from":[263],"state":[264],"authority":[265],"figures)":[266],"widely":[269],"35%,":[271],"taken":[272],"report":[275],"Lancet":[278],"2001[4]":[280],"ostensibly":[281],"based":[282],"WHO":[284,349,358],"figures.":[285],"average":[287],"figure":[288],"over":[289],"studies":[290],"15\u201320%,":[292],"annual":[295],"rate":[296],"growth":[298],"25%,":[300],"concentrated":[303],"northern":[305],"states":[306],"India.":[308,333],"WHO,":[310],"however,":[311,759],"clarified":[312],"it":[313,1011],"had":[314,320],"conducted":[316],"any":[317,840,1269],"study":[318],"said":[321],"35":[323],"per":[324,1100],"cent":[325],"produced":[331,343,523],"added,":[335],"\u201cThe":[336],"majority":[337],"Indian":[340,1102,1519,1539],"pharmaceuticals":[341],"large":[345,687,1592],"manufacturers":[346,1130,1145],"(GMP)!\u201d[5]":[353],"This":[354,1050,1449,1625],"kudos":[355],"gratifying":[360],"also":[363,921,1618],"source":[367,424,1373],"high":[369,901,1552],"quality":[370,490,902,1275],"sold":[372],"legitimate":[374,881,887],"manufacturers,":[376,1212,1573],"affordable":[378],"prices,":[379],"sometimes":[380,1505],"low":[383,899],"tenth":[386],"cost":[389,485],"other":[391],"countries,":[392,732,758],"seen":[395,869],"psychiatric":[397],"medication.":[398],"According":[399],"WHO,[2]":[402],"relation":[405],"medicinal":[407,428,437],"means":[409],"deliberate":[411],"fraudulent":[413],"mislabelling":[414],"respect":[416],"identity,":[419],"authenticity,":[420],"effectiveness,":[421],"composition":[422],"and/or":[423],"finished":[427],"product,":[429],"ingredient":[431],"preparation":[434],"product.":[438,829],"Counterfeiting":[439,850,878],"can":[440,860,1587],"be":[441,576,914,1116,1139,1347,1506,1512,1588,1607,1627],"applicable":[442],"both":[444,566],"branded":[447,676],"well":[450,581,1089,1138],"traditional":[452],"remedies.":[453],"IMITATION:":[454],"THE":[455],"BEST":[456],"FORM":[457],"OF":[458],"CHICANERY?":[459],"may":[462,575,1482],"include":[463,693],"i)":[464],"correct":[467],"ingredients,":[468,477,557],"but":[469,795,1109,1188],"containing":[470,726],"insufficient":[471],"erroneous":[473],"quantities":[474,856],"active":[476,480,510,555,589,728],"expired":[479],"ingredients":[481,495,511,518,590],"either":[482],"save":[484],"owing":[487],"control":[491],"factors;":[492],"ii)":[493],"wrong":[494],"possibly":[497],"toxic":[498,1500],"elements":[499],"impurities":[501],"therefore":[503],"directly":[504],"harmful":[505],"patients;":[507],"iii)":[508],"without":[509,680,1409],"using":[513,663],"similar":[514,594,674],"class":[515],"cheaper":[517,604],"escape":[520],"detection;":[521],"iv)":[522],"unhygienic":[525],"manufacture,":[526],"lack":[528,1041],"rigorous":[530],"cleaning":[531],"between":[532,843],"production":[533],"batches;":[534],"v)":[536],"false":[539],"misleading":[541],"packaging.[26]":[542],"situation":[544],"complicated":[546],"fact":[549],"often":[553],"contain":[554],"if":[558,1570],"only":[559,1073],"because":[560,586,853],"producers":[562,1054],"keen":[564],"avoid":[567],"detection":[568],"generate":[570],"repeat":[571],"business.":[572],"ineffective":[577],"dangerous":[579],"difficult":[583],"spot":[585],"they":[587,1071,1616],"class,":[595],"e.g.,":[597],"swapping":[598],"patented":[600],"statin":[601],"form[6]":[606],"Chinese":[608],"heparin":[610,623],"was":[612],"contaminated":[613],"oversulfated":[615],"chondroitin":[616],"sulfate,":[617],"an":[618,1091,1140,1430,1445,1488],"inexpensive":[619],"substance":[620],"mimics":[622],"basic":[625],"chemical":[626],"tests[7]":[627],"resulting":[628],"death":[631],"95":[633],"Americans.":[634],"Despite":[635],"best":[637],"efforts":[638],"all":[640,953,995],"crusading":[642],"against":[643],"unfortunately,":[646],"malevolent":[647],"dealings":[648],"very":[653,1168],"much":[654],"contemporary":[656],"reality.":[657],"modus":[659],"operandi":[660],"includes":[661],"recycling":[662],"used":[664,767,1642],"vials":[665],"intact":[667],"labels,":[668],"refilling":[669],"re-labelling":[671],"packaging":[673],"imitation,":[678],"knowledge,":[681],"reuse":[682],"beyond":[683],"expiry":[684],"date,":[685],"scale":[688],"counterfeiting.[2]":[689],"Notorious":[690],"real":[691,789],"examples":[692],"neomycin":[694],"eye":[695],"drops":[696],"meningococcal":[698],"vaccine":[699],"made":[700,706,1610],"tap":[702],"water;":[703],"paracetamol":[704],"syrup":[705],"industrial":[708],"solvent;":[709],"ampicillin":[710],"replaced":[711],"turmeric;":[713],"contraceptive":[714],"pills":[715],"substituted":[716],"wheat":[718],"flour;":[719],"antimalarials,":[721],"antibiotics,":[722],"snake":[724],"anti-venom":[725],"ingredients.[8]":[729],"wealthier":[731],"most":[734,761,1202],"frequently":[735],"counterfeited":[736,762],"new,":[739],"expensive":[740],"lifestyle":[741],"medicines,":[742,931],"such":[743,772,961],"hormones,":[745],"steroids,":[746],"antihistamines":[747],"course":[750,974],"sex":[751],"performance":[752],"enhancers":[753],"sildenafil.":[755],"developing":[757,1183],"unfortunately":[765,1292,1308,1368,1504],"treat":[769],"life-threatening":[770],"conditions":[771],"malaria,":[774],"tuberculosis,":[775],"HIV/AIDS.[7]":[777],"view":[781],"counterfeiting":[783,941],"crime":[786],"victims.":[790],"People":[791],"desire":[792],"well-known":[793],"brands,":[794],"lower":[798,1255],"cost,":[799,900],"unscrupulous":[801],"mercenaries":[802],"ready":[804],"carefully":[806],"crafted":[807],"replicas.":[808],"With":[809],"shoes,":[810],"garments,":[811],"chocolates,":[812],"electronic":[814],"goods":[815],"cheating":[817],"relatively":[819,854],"innocuous":[820],"giving":[821],"customer":[823],"thrill":[825],"\u2018great\u2019":[828],"dangers":[832],"inherent":[833],"medication":[836],"make":[837],"nonsense":[838],"cozy":[841],"collusion":[842],"knowing":[845],"consumer":[846,976],"helpful":[848],"supplier.":[849],"attractive":[852],"small":[855,1129,1169,1174],"provide":[861],"huge":[862,1002],"profits":[863,1081],"counterfeiter,":[866],"carry":[871],"less":[872],"risk":[873],"than":[874],"trafficking":[875],"addictive":[876],"drugs.[2]":[877],"certainly":[879],"damages":[880,922],"commerce.":[882],"undermines":[884],"margins":[885],"reducing":[890],"profit":[891],"reinvestment":[893],"new":[895],"generics.":[903,1147],"reduces":[905],"tax":[907],"country,":[911],"could":[913,1115,1137,1503,1511],"ploughed":[915],"back":[916],"health":[918,959,967,1298],"infrastructure.":[919],"demolishes":[927],"public":[928],"confidence":[929],"hence":[933],"companies":[934,1540],"reluctant":[936],"publicize":[938],"incidents":[939],"products.[7]":[944],"Spurious":[945],"cause":[949,1483],"concern":[951],"working":[957],"sector":[960],"doctors,":[963],"pharmacists,":[964],"nurses":[965],"regulators.[9]":[968],"worst":[970],"affected":[971],"gets":[978],"entrapped":[979],"web":[982],"respite.":[988],"biggest":[993],"markets":[996],"accounting":[1000],"economic":[1003],"losses":[1004],"untold":[1006],"fatalities.":[1007],"why":[1010],"easy":[1013],"produce":[1015],"sell":[1017,1056,1076,1407,1426],"laws":[1024,1563],"lax,":[1026],"judicial":[1027],"system":[1028,1250,1271,1300,1521,1556],"ineffective,":[1029],"infrastructure":[1031],"checks":[1033],"woefully":[1034],"inadequate,":[1035],"compounded":[1039],"personnel":[1043],"involved":[1044,1577],"supervision":[1046],"widespread":[1048],"corruption.":[1049],"attracts":[1051],"cheaply":[1059],"chemists":[1061],"(or":[1062],"even":[1063,1218],"practitioners":[1065],"dispense":[1067],"themselves),":[1069],"pleased":[1074],"these":[1077,1264,1287],"big":[1080],"involved.":[1082],"20,000":[1085,1124],"registered":[1086],"brands":[1087,1114],"approximate":[1092],"1300":[1095],"molecules":[1096],"Review":[1104],"(IDR)":[1105],"compendium,":[1107],"2008,[9]":[1108],"number":[1111,1142,1150,1210],"unregistered":[1113],"double":[1117],"figure,":[1119],"manufacturers[4]":[1125],"them":[1128],"licensed":[1131,1401],"manufacture":[1133],"equal":[1141],"unlicensed":[1144],"producing":[1146],"total":[1149],"retailers":[1152,1215],"800,000":[1159],"distributed":[1160],"among":[1161],"organized":[1163],"players":[1164,1205],"group":[1170],"(1.5%)":[1171],"retailer":[1175],"forms":[1177],"majority.[10]":[1179],"Contrast":[1180],"countries":[1184],"where":[1185],"brand":[1190],"couple":[1193],"generics":[1195],"patent":[1198],"period":[1199],"lapses,":[1200],"organized.":[1207],"vast":[1209],"distributors":[1213],"makes":[1216],"regulation":[1217],"more":[1219],"difficult.[10]":[1220],"DECEIT":[1221],"MOST":[1222],"FOUL":[1223],"Most":[1224],"find":[1229,1293],"way":[1231,1285,1295],"into":[1232,1286,1296],"government":[1234,1400],"institutions":[1235],"defense":[1237],"civil":[1239],"hospitals":[1240],"dispensaries,":[1242],"bulk":[1244],"purchase":[1245,1261],"through":[1247],"tender":[1249],"settle":[1252],"bids.":[1256],"presence":[1258],"corrupt":[1260],"officials":[1262],"deals,":[1265],"absence":[1267],"appropriate":[1270],"monitoring":[1273],"drug,":[1277],"aids":[1278],"sub-standard":[1281],"finding":[1283],"places.[2]":[1288],"These":[1289],"care":[1299],"patronized":[1301],"illiterate":[1306],"do":[1309],"have":[1311,1355,1429,1640],"wherewithal":[1313],"probe":[1315],"identify":[1317],"meekly":[1321],"accept":[1322],"whatever":[1323],"prescribed":[1325],"dispensed.":[1327],"ultimate":[1329],"loser":[1330],"patient":[1333,1394],"fails":[1335],"improve;":[1337],"notch":[1339],"below":[1340],"doctor,":[1343],"whose":[1344],"would":[1346],"compromised.[11]":[1348],"Internet-based":[1349],"sales":[1350],"pharmaceuticals,":[1352],"should":[1354,1606,1617],"been":[1356,1641],"boon":[1358],"seeking":[1361],"cheaper,":[1362],"stigmatized":[1363],"unauthorized":[1365],"treatments,":[1366],"now":[1369],"become":[1370],"medicines.[7]":[1376],"Some":[1377],"internet":[1378,1405,1420],"pharmacies":[1379,1406,1421],"completely":[1381],"legal":[1382],"operations,":[1383],"set":[1384],"up":[1385,1574],"offer":[1387],"clients":[1388],"convenience":[1389],"savings.":[1391],"They":[1392],"require":[1393],"prescriptions":[1395,1410],"deliver":[1397],"medications":[1398,1408],"facilities.[7]":[1402],"illegal":[1404],"unapproved":[1413],"products.":[1416],"some":[1418],"cases,":[1419],"operated":[1423],"internationally":[1424],"unknown":[1431],"vague":[1433],"origin.[7]":[1434],"Non-response":[1435],"illness":[1437],"treatment":[1439],"prompts":[1440],"physicians":[1441],"test":[1443],"out":[1444],"algorithm":[1446,1450],"reasons.":[1448],"list":[1453],"inadequate":[1455],"dosage":[1456],"causes.":[1461],"prudent":[1464],"consider":[1466,1480],"algorithm,":[1471],"given":[1472],"enormity":[1474],"problem.":[1477],"Failure":[1478],"change":[1484],"diagnosis":[1486],"unnecessary":[1489],"battery":[1490],"tests":[1492],"clarify":[1494],"it.[2]":[1495],"Further,":[1496],"case":[1498],"reactions,":[1501],"fatal,":[1507],"labeled":[1513],"dangerous,":[1514],"consequently":[1516],"avoided.[2]":[1517],"dual":[1523],"responsibility":[1524,1620],"a)":[1525],"protecting":[1526],"Indians":[1527],"menace":[1530,1586],"substandard":[1534],"b)":[1537],"preparing":[1538],"highest":[1544],"global":[1548],"market.":[1549],"time":[1553],"works.":[1557],"when":[1560],"existing":[1562],"reinforced":[1565],"uniformly":[1566],"stringently,":[1568],"guilty":[1572],"dispensing":[1579],"caught":[1581],"punished":[1583],"accordingly,":[1584],"curbed":[1589],"extent.":[1593],"end":[1595],"users":[1596],"namely,":[1600],"doctors":[1602],"patients":[1605],"educated":[1608],"aware":[1611],"problem,":[1614],"take":[1619],"curbing":[1622],"menace.":[1624],"will":[1626],"discussed":[1628],"next":[1631],"issue.":[1632],"(Note:":[1633],"Spurious,":[1634],"substandard,":[1635],"interchangeably":[1643],"despite":[1644],"having":[1645],"differences":[1646],"definition,":[1648],"focus":[1651],"hazards":[1655],"consumer).":[1658]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}