{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2016342515","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.07.034","title":"Evaluation of fuel properties for microalgae Spirulina platensis bio-diesel and its blends with Egyptian petro-diesel","display_name":"Evaluation of fuel properties for microalgae Spirulina platensis bio-diesel and its blends with Egyptian petro-diesel","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-07-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2016342515","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.07.034","mag":"2016342515"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.07.034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.07.034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.07.034","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2357026","display_name":"Arabian Journal of Chemistry","issn_l":"1878-5352","issn":["1878-5352","1878-5379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","poland-70"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Arabian Journal of Chemistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.07.034","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000609843","display_name":"Soha S. M. Mostafa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0396-0774","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0396-0774"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165448","display_name":"Agricultural Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05hcacp57","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165448"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soha S.M. Mostafa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microbiology Department, Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microbiology Department, Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165448"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054920213","display_name":"Nour Sh. El\u2010Gendy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5154-7124","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5154-7124"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88126159","display_name":"Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/044panr52","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88126159"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nour Sh. El-Gendy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88126159"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054920213"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88126159"],"apc_list":{"value":1490,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1490},"apc_paid":{"value":1490,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1490},"fwci":2.3683,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":186,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86564709,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"S2040","last_page":"S2050"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10507","display_name":"Biodiesel Production and Applications","score":0.95169997215271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10507","display_name":"Biodiesel Production and Applications","score":0.95169997215271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10476","display_name":"Algal biology and biofuel production","score":0.04520000144839287,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10117","display_name":"Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arthrospira-platensis","display_name":"Spirulina platensis","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microalgae-biodiesel","display_name":"microalgae biodiesel","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuel-properties","display_name":"fuel properties","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physicochemical-properties","display_name":"physicochemical properties","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cetane-number","display_name":"cetane number","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flash-point","display_name":"flash point","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viscosity","display_name":"viscosity","score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/density","display_name":"density","score":0.5550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acid-value","display_name":"acid value","score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calorific-value","display_name":"calorific value","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pour-point","display_name":"pour point","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-point","display_name":"cloud point","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-residue","display_name":"unburned carbon","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sulfur-content","display_name":"sulfur content","score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ash-content","display_name":"ash content","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moisture-content","display_name":"moisture content","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diesel-engine-performance","display_name":"diesel engine performance","score":0.5920000076293945}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52896960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167947","display_name":"Biodiesel","level":3,"score":0.9179185032844543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138171918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38423","display_name":"Diesel fuel","level":2,"score":0.866570234298706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55062507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q726627","display_name":"Cetane number","level":4,"score":0.7282044887542725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162015975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194376","display_name":"Flash point","level":2,"score":0.7155488133430481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.6577320694923401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528095902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886","display_name":"Pulp and paper industry","level":1,"score":0.6401410102844238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156383657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902126","display_name":"Heat of combustion","level":3,"score":0.5972328782081604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69304742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431684","display_name":"Pour point","level":2,"score":0.5458635687828064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53991642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128991","display_name":"Biofuel","level":2,"score":0.47626063227653503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53477387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907280","display_name":"Acid value","level":2,"score":0.47032630443573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779784034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285335","display_name":"Spirulina (dietary supplement)","level":3,"score":0.468778520822525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175461058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107002401","display_name":"Vegetable oil refining","level":4,"score":0.41337770223617554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.3787137567996979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.24220320582389832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206139338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192355","display_name":"Raw material","level":2,"score":0.11091873049736023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161790260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264","display_name":"Catalysis","level":2,"score":0.09721112251281738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105923489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133235","display_name":"Combustion","level":2,"score":0.07986286282539368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.07.034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.07.034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.07.034","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2357026","display_name":"Arabian Journal of Chemistry","issn_l":"1878-5352","issn":["1878-5352","1878-5379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","poland-70"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Arabian Journal of Chemistry","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.07.034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.07.034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.07.034","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2357026","display_name":"Arabian Journal of Chemistry","issn_l":"1878-5352","issn":["1878-5352","1878-5379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","poland-70"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Arabian Journal of Chemistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9090999960899353,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321170","display_name":"Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/044panr52"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W172537947","https://openalex.org/W635618107","https://openalex.org/W1517653322","https://openalex.org/W1579606368","https://openalex.org/W1877312249","https://openalex.org/W1942592854","https://openalex.org/W1968834637","https://openalex.org/W1972685257","https://openalex.org/W2003003815","https://openalex.org/W2003278670","https://openalex.org/W2005608678","https://openalex.org/W2018157307","https://openalex.org/W2029843956","https://openalex.org/W2050492688","https://openalex.org/W2050980391","https://openalex.org/W2054647709","https://openalex.org/W2055469293","https://openalex.org/W2060476952","https://openalex.org/W2064319190","https://openalex.org/W2064536817","https://openalex.org/W2071446743","https://openalex.org/W2074132949","https://openalex.org/W2080467487","https://openalex.org/W2087459960","https://openalex.org/W2092442954","https://openalex.org/W2094498700","https://openalex.org/W2102764178","https://openalex.org/W2119206954","https://openalex.org/W2127170374","https://openalex.org/W2128824318","https://openalex.org/W2143107164","https://openalex.org/W2147710135","https://openalex.org/W2149255208","https://openalex.org/W2152311269","https://openalex.org/W2166161844","https://openalex.org/W2235820992","https://openalex.org/W2281931621","https://openalex.org/W2312996709","https://openalex.org/W2804007336","https://openalex.org/W4237276864","https://openalex.org/W4256635921","https://openalex.org/W6607035301"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2036361253","https://openalex.org/W2979715189","https://openalex.org/W2941973236","https://openalex.org/W4285744407","https://openalex.org/W4381090104","https://openalex.org/W2897073479","https://openalex.org/W2042542259","https://openalex.org/W4361212607","https://openalex.org/W3013684224","https://openalex.org/W2997364514"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Biodiesel":[0],"is":[1,22],"an":[2],"attractive":[3],"alternative":[4],"fuel":[5,71],"for":[6],"diesel":[7,133],"engines":[8],"due":[9],"to":[10,59,69,75],"its":[11],"technical,":[12],"environmental":[13],"and":[14,66,82,87,95,132,144,147,164],"strategic":[15],"advantages.":[16],"The":[17,49,103,151],"most":[18],"widely":[19],"produced":[20,54],"biodiesel":[21,40,55,81,112],"the":[23,37,53,60,109,115,117,137,155,159],"esters":[24],"of":[25,39,52,63,79,111,154,169],"vegetable":[26],"oils,":[27],"animal":[28],"fats":[29],"or":[30],"waste":[31],"cooking":[32],"oils.":[33],"In":[34],"this":[35],"study,":[36],"feasibility":[38],"production":[41],"from":[42],"microalga":[43],"Spirulina":[44],"platensis":[45],"has":[46],"been":[47,100],"investigated.":[48],"physico\u2013chemical":[50,97],"characteristics":[51,98],"were":[56,89,157],"studied":[57],"according":[58,68],"standards":[61],"methods":[62],"analysis":[64],"(ASTM)":[65],"evaluated":[67],"their":[70,96],"properties":[72,153],"as":[73],"compared":[74],"Egyptian":[76],"petro-diesel.":[77],"Blends":[78],"microalgae":[80],"petro-diesel":[83,161],"(B2,":[84],"B5,":[85],"B10":[86],"B20)":[88],"prepared":[90],"on":[91],"a":[92],"volume":[93],"basis":[94],"have":[99],"also":[101],"studied.":[102],"obtained":[104],"results":[105],"showed":[106],"that;":[107],"with":[108],"increase":[110],"concentration":[113],"in":[114,167],"blends;":[116],"viscosity,":[118],"density,":[119],"total":[120],"acid":[121],"number,":[122],"initial":[123],"boiling":[124],"point,":[125,129,139,141],"calorific":[126],"value,":[127],"flash":[128],"cetane":[130],"number":[131],"index":[134],"increase.":[135],"While":[136],"pour":[138],"cloud":[140],"carbon":[142],"residue":[143],"sulfur,":[145],"ash":[146],"water":[148],"contents":[149],"decrease.":[150],"observed":[152],"blends":[156],"within":[158],"recommended":[160],"standard":[162],"specifications":[163],"they":[165],"are":[166],"favor":[168],"better":[170],"engine":[171],"performance.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}