{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2016340979","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.06.024","title":"Risk Factors for Illicit Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Use in Male Weightlifters: A Cross-Sectional Cohort Study","display_name":"Risk Factors for Illicit Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Use in Male Weightlifters: A Cross-Sectional Cohort Study","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-08-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2016340979","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.06.024","mag":"2016340979","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21839424","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3218214"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.06.024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.06.024","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.06.024","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205482884","display_name":"Biological Psychiatry","issn_l":"0006-3223","issn":["0006-3223","1873-2402"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biological Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3218214","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005998157","display_name":"Harrison Graham Pope","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1298-6439","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1298-6439"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801148111","display_name":"McLean Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01kta7d96","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801148111"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Harrison G. Pope","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478, USA. hpope@mclean.harvard.edu","Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, McLean Hospital","the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478, USA. hpope@mclean.harvard.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I2801148111"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, McLean Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801148111"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088469671","display_name":"Gen Kanayama","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1587-6051","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1587-6051"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801148111","display_name":"McLean Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01kta7d96","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801148111"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gen Kanayama","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, McLean Hospital; and the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts","Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, McLean Hospital","the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, McLean Hospital; and the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I2801148111"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, McLean Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801148111"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074806044","display_name":"James I. Hudson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3999-8931","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3999-8931"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801148111","display_name":"McLean Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01kta7d96","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801148111"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James I. Hudson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, McLean Hospital; and the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts","Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, McLean Hospital","the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, McLean Hospital; and the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I2801148111"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, McLean Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801148111"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005998157"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I2801148111"],"apc_list":{"value":5489,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5489},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":26.6873,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":145,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99381187,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"3","first_page":"254","last_page":"261"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12700","display_name":"Doping in Sports","score":0.9487000107765198,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12700","display_name":"Doping in Sports","score":0.9487000107765198,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12663","display_name":"Body Image and Dysmorphia Studies","score":0.015200000256299973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10263","display_name":"Eating Disorders and Behaviors","score":0.011599999852478504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conduct-disorder","display_name":"conduct disorder","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-image-concern","display_name":"body image concern","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscle-dysmorphia","display_name":"muscle dysmorphia","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-factors","display_name":"risk factors","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/substance-abuse-prevention","display_name":"substance use prevention","score":0.6779999732971191}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909375446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309438","display_name":"Steroid use","level":2,"score":0.6676051616668701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.6533647775650024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142052008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954027","display_name":"Cross-sectional study","level":2,"score":0.622167706489563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5612800717353821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908663871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309438","display_name":"Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids","level":3,"score":0.5537883043289185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020689752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844924","display_name":"Illicit drug","level":3,"score":0.5493950843811035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.4656570553779602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1008401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184681","display_name":"Anabolism","level":2,"score":0.4087558388710022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42407357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521","display_name":"Physiology","level":1,"score":0.39029428362846375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3872392475605011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.3633192181587219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.32338136434555054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.18383318185806274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.15047642588615417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.08435121178627014}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000728","descriptor_name":"Androgens","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001828","descriptor_name":"Body Image","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004300","descriptor_name":"Doping in Sports","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004300","descriptor_name":"Doping in Sports","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012651","descriptor_name":"Self Medication","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012651","descriptor_name":"Self Medication","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014891","descriptor_name":"Weight Lifting","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014891","descriptor_name":"Weight Lifting","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015331","descriptor_name":"Cohort Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019955","descriptor_name":"Conduct Disorder","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019955","descriptor_name":"Conduct Disorder","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019966","descriptor_name":"Substance-Related Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019966","descriptor_name":"Substance-Related Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D045930","descriptor_name":"Anabolic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.06.024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.06.024","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.06.024","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205482884","display_name":"Biological Psychiatry","issn_l":"0006-3223","issn":["0006-3223","1873-2402"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biological Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:21839424","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21839424","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biological psychiatry","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2556419","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3218214","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3218214","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3218214","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Biol Psychiatry","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2556419","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3218214","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8899999856948853}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1222042326","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DA-016744","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1711390654","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DA\u2010029141","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3045370346","display_name":"Medical Consequences of Long-Term Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Abuse","funder_award_id":"R01DA029141","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4251423168","display_name":"Risk Factors for Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Abuse","funder_award_id":"R01DA016744","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","ror":"https://ror.org/00fq5cm18"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1579779835","https://openalex.org/W1602198128","https://openalex.org/W1602916588","https://openalex.org/W1921017389","https://openalex.org/W1939971277","https://openalex.org/W1966714873","https://openalex.org/W1968166735","https://openalex.org/W1969768858","https://openalex.org/W1972490292","https://openalex.org/W1974342654","https://openalex.org/W1980933312","https://openalex.org/W1981331360","https://openalex.org/W1987094115","https://openalex.org/W1987329516","https://openalex.org/W1995854440","https://openalex.org/W2005536736","https://openalex.org/W2005844329","https://openalex.org/W2006999172","https://openalex.org/W2012312341","https://openalex.org/W2015479829","https://openalex.org/W2015823194","https://openalex.org/W2019019080","https://openalex.org/W2020229546","https://openalex.org/W2023616083","https://openalex.org/W2025735216","https://openalex.org/W2028487835","https://openalex.org/W2028682952","https://openalex.org/W2031570564","https://openalex.org/W2034218853","https://openalex.org/W2036007062","https://openalex.org/W2037520500","https://openalex.org/W2040454225","https://openalex.org/W2047726099","https://openalex.org/W2050611336","https://openalex.org/W2051550526","https://openalex.org/W2053880875","https://openalex.org/W2072775036","https://openalex.org/W2082794204","https://openalex.org/W2102912300","https://openalex.org/W2106067981","https://openalex.org/W2110656166","https://openalex.org/W2111748296","https://openalex.org/W2116531796","https://openalex.org/W2130414446","https://openalex.org/W2131800317","https://openalex.org/W2132159513","https://openalex.org/W2166647706","https://openalex.org/W2168853078","https://openalex.org/W2170185238","https://openalex.org/W2170684975","https://openalex.org/W2317990865","https://openalex.org/W2394498068","https://openalex.org/W2396755452","https://openalex.org/W2523572685","https://openalex.org/W2786108669","https://openalex.org/W2916112279","https://openalex.org/W3149245474","https://openalex.org/W4240071096"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2015823194","https://openalex.org/W2019462080","https://openalex.org/W4282945937","https://openalex.org/W4390413791","https://openalex.org/W1941557002","https://openalex.org/W2095384533","https://openalex.org/W2789889703","https://openalex.org/W2204146202","https://openalex.org/W4408330980","https://openalex.org/W4318958164"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
