{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2016277920","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.19930050209","title":"A model for the successful growth of polycrystalline films of CuInSe2 by multisource physical vacuum evaporation","display_name":"A model for the successful growth of polycrystalline films of CuInSe2 by multisource physical vacuum evaporation","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2016277920","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.19930050209","mag":"2016277920"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/adma.19930050209","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.19930050209","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.19930050209","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S99352657","display_name":"Advanced Materials","issn_l":"0935-9648","issn":["0935-9648","1521-4095"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043712162","display_name":"Reiner Klenk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2045-4301","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2045-4301"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reiner Klenk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universita\u0308t Stuttgart, Institut fu\u0308r Physikalische Elektronik Pfaffenwaldring 47, W-7000 Stuttgart 80 (FRG)","Universit\u00e4t Stuttgart, Institut f\u00fcr Physikalische Elektronik Pfaffenwaldring 47, W-7000 Stuttgart 80 (FRG)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universita\u0308t Stuttgart, Institut fu\u0308r Physikalische Elektronik Pfaffenwaldring 47, W-7000 Stuttgart 80 (FRG)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e4t Stuttgart, Institut f\u00fcr Physikalische Elektronik Pfaffenwaldring 47, W-7000 Stuttgart 80 (FRG)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101552701","display_name":"Thomas Walter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8252-5366","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8252-5366"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Walter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universita\u0308t Stuttgart, Institut fu\u0308r Physikalische Elektronik Pfaffenwaldring 47, W-7000 Stuttgart 80 (FRG)","Universit\u00e4t Stuttgart, Institut f\u00fcr Physikalische Elektronik Pfaffenwaldring 47, W-7000 Stuttgart 80 (FRG)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universita\u0308t Stuttgart, Institut fu\u0308r Physikalische Elektronik Pfaffenwaldring 47, W-7000 Stuttgart 80 (FRG)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e4t Stuttgart, Institut f\u00fcr Physikalische Elektronik Pfaffenwaldring 47, W-7000 Stuttgart 80 (FRG)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110090501","display_name":"Hans\u2010Werner Schock","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hans\u2010Werner Schock","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universita\u0308t Stuttgart, Institut fu\u0308r Physikalische Elektronik Pfaffenwaldring 47, W-7000 Stuttgart 80 (FRG)","Universit\u00e4t Stuttgart, Institut f\u00fcr Physikalische Elektronik Pfaffenwaldring 47, W-7000 Stuttgart 80 (FRG)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universita\u0308t Stuttgart, Institut fu\u0308r Physikalische Elektronik Pfaffenwaldring 47, W-7000 Stuttgart 80 (FRG)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e4t Stuttgart, Institut f\u00fcr Physikalische Elektronik Pfaffenwaldring 47, W-7000 Stuttgart 80 (FRG)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038616665","display_name":"David Cahen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8118-5446","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8118-5446"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53964585","display_name":"Weizmann Institute of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0316ej306","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53964585"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Cahen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Materials & Interfaces 76100 Rehovot (Israel)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Materials & Interfaces 76100 Rehovot (Israel)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53964585"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110090501"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"],"apc_list":{"value":6070,"currency":"USD","value_usd":6070},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.129,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":264,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98537804,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"2","first_page":"114","last_page":"119"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10590","display_name":"Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10590","display_name":"Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13889","display_name":"Advanced Materials and Semiconductor Technologies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10623","display_name":"Thin-Film Transistor Technologies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cuinse2","display_name":"CuInSe2","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polycrystalline-thin-films","display_name":"polycrystalline thin films","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chalcopyrite-solar-cells","display_name":"chalcopyrite solar cells","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-energy-conversion","display_name":"solar energy conversion","score":0.48500001430511475}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137637335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899604","display_name":"Crystallite","level":2,"score":0.852658212184906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778177714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898920","display_name":"Chalcogenide","level":2,"score":0.8371793627738953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7725321650505066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779192298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7908061","display_name":"Vacuum evaporation","level":3,"score":0.6937931180000305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776873873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044964","display_name":"Vacuum deposition","level":3,"score":0.6916580200195312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61441594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132814","display_name":"Evaporation","level":2,"score":0.5788109302520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19067145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137203","display_name":"Thin film","level":2,"score":0.569648802280426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780824857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58803","display_name":"Solar cell","level":2,"score":0.5571926832199097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64297162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1987070","display_name":"Deposition (geology)","level":3,"score":0.5217990875244141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61696701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q770766","display_name":"Engineering physics","level":1,"score":0.45244142413139343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.44060394167900085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.33123064041137695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.29335248470306396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.09065857529640198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2816523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180184","display_name":"Sediment","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/adma.19930050209","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.19930050209","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.19930050209","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S99352657","display_name":"Advanced Materials","issn_l":"0935-9648","issn":["0935-9648","1521-4095"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8485000133514404}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W241973020","https://openalex.org/W1485283179","https://openalex.org/W1966227547","https://openalex.org/W1980844845","https://openalex.org/W2005900449","https://openalex.org/W2019053084","https://openalex.org/W2034804233","https://openalex.org/W2041718538","https://openalex.org/W2046248456","https://openalex.org/W2052901280","https://openalex.org/W2070192963","https://openalex.org/W2083361645","https://openalex.org/W2086186093","https://openalex.org/W2129452943","https://openalex.org/W2147803264","https://openalex.org/W2214772555","https://openalex.org/W2478716915","https://openalex.org/W2497922937","https://openalex.org/W2989623074","https://openalex.org/W4254115439"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968538446","https://openalex.org/W2042014696","https://openalex.org/W1538174301","https://openalex.org/W2564305111","https://openalex.org/W2005900449","https://openalex.org/W2162349888","https://openalex.org/W2079231754","https://openalex.org/W2003877923","https://openalex.org/W2749809078","https://openalex.org/W2991713132"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Solar":[0],"cells":[1],"based":[2],"on":[3],"CuInSe2":[4,45],"polycrystalline":[5,18],"thin":[6],"films":[7,46],"(see":[8],"Figure)":[9],"are":[10],"one":[11],"of":[12,23,34,43],"the":[13,31,35,41,44],"few":[14],"realistic":[15],"alternatives":[16],"to":[17],"Si":[19],"for":[20],"practical":[21],"conversion":[22],"solar":[24],"energy":[25],"into":[26],"electricity.":[27],"A":[28],"model":[29],"explaining":[30],"important":[32],"role":[33],"secondary":[36],"copper":[37],"chalcogenide":[38],"phases":[39],"in":[40],"deposition":[42],"by":[47],"physical":[48],"vacuum":[49],"evaporation":[50],"is":[51],"presented.":[52],"magnified":[53],"image":[54]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}